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美國的高房價把購房者拒之門外

Alena Botros
2024-05-13

美國經(jīng)濟軟著陸總體上是好事,但對房地產(chǎn)市場卻是壞消息,因為這會讓利率居高不下。

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Redfin首席執(zhí)行官格倫·凱爾曼,攝于2018年。圖片來源:DAVID RYDER—BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES

房地產(chǎn)市場的形勢錯綜復(fù)雜,但有一點是確定的:現(xiàn)在很難買到房子。讓我為你描述一下房地產(chǎn)市場的狀況。在新冠疫情帶來的房地產(chǎn)市場繁榮期間,美國房價暴漲;更多人居家辦公,甚至可以在任何地方工作。此外,抵押貸款利率降至歷史新低,于是人們紛紛買房。但后來通脹上漲,而美聯(lián)儲(Federal Reserve)為了控制通脹選擇加息。抵押貸款利率隨之上漲,但房價卻沒有下跌,這與典型的房地產(chǎn)市場周期截然不同。所以現(xiàn)在是什么狀況?高房價、高抵押貸款利率和房屋銷售低迷。而且如果你從未擁有過房子,買房就變得更加困難,這意味著大多數(shù)年輕人受到的影響最為嚴(yán)重。

Redfin的首席執(zhí)行官格倫·凱爾曼在5月8日對美國消費者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)表示:“問題是,市場回調(diào)并沒有帶來價格的回落;房價上漲了5%。這是因為利率快速上漲,而且沒有發(fā)生經(jīng)濟衰退。”

他繼續(xù)說道:“因此軟著陸總體上對美國是件好事,尤其對經(jīng)濟有利,但對房地產(chǎn)市場卻是壞消息,因為這會讓利率居高不下。因此,進(jìn)入市場的房屋庫存并沒有增多,而且房價也沒有變得更容易承受。正常情況下,在像2008年一樣的市場中,房價會下跌30%至50%,然后購房人突然開始重新進(jìn)入市場。但這一次,房價依舊居高不下,特別是首次購房人被拒之門外。千禧一代一直等著買房,卻始終等不到進(jìn)場的機會。”

但看著房屋價值飆升的嬰兒潮一代,以及在新冠疫情之前或疫情期間買房的人,總體狀況良好(只是他們可能感覺陷入了進(jìn)退兩難的境地,因為他們不想放棄低抵押貸款利率)。

凱爾曼說:“房地產(chǎn)市場已經(jīng)降至最低點。今年會有400萬人搬家;這是多年來的最低水平,而原因是持續(xù)的高利率。”

但情況可能比去年有所好轉(zhuǎn),2023年的現(xiàn)房銷量降至近30年來的最低點。凱爾曼認(rèn)為,有些人今年不太可能推遲他們的買房計劃,“因為他們與前妻住在一起快要把自己逼瘋,或者他們有了第三個孩子,家里已經(jīng)沒有多余的空間。但總體經(jīng)濟條件對買房來說仍然糟糕。”

Realtor.com的首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家丹尼爾·黑爾在5月8日接受美國消費者新聞與商業(yè)頻道采訪時表示,目前的待售房屋數(shù)量比新冠疫情之前少了36%,而且面對高房價和高抵押貸款利率,在50個最大都市區(qū)中的34個區(qū)域,購房人的收入需要超過10萬美元,才有能力購買一套普通住宅。

事實上,房地產(chǎn)市場出現(xiàn)了一些分歧。正如凱爾曼所說,佛羅里達(dá)州和得克薩斯州等地區(qū)正在建設(shè)房屋,因此房價有所回落,而且他預(yù)計在更容易進(jìn)行房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的紅州(共和黨選區(qū)),房價將會持續(xù)下降。但在加州和紐約州,待售房屋的數(shù)量不足以使房價明顯下跌。在加州的城市,收入需要超過10萬美元才能買得起房,因此年輕人選擇了租房。黑爾稱:“因此這些大市場的房屋所有率低于典型的美國房地產(chǎn)市場。所以很有挑戰(zhàn)性。”

盡管待售房屋庫存與去年相比有所改善,但她表示“年輕人的處境依舊非常悲慘”。

過去幾周,每日抵押貸款利率在經(jīng)過最近的上漲之后有所下降。目前平均30年期固定抵押貸款利率為7.18%。抵押貸款利率的走勢取決于經(jīng)濟狀況,尤其是通貨膨脹,而事實證明通貨膨脹的頑固程度超出了預(yù)期。通脹高企的原因之一就是房地產(chǎn)市場;住房消費是消費物價指數(shù)中的重要組成部分。凱爾曼解釋道,我們看到住房消費有所疲軟,但不足以使利率下降。

而且他并不愿意預(yù)測抵押貸款利率到今年年底的走向。凱爾曼說:“我只是不想高興地太早。我們曾經(jīng)以為到年底的時候利率會下降,但我們大失所望;現(xiàn)在,Redfin不會在這方面押注。”

黑爾認(rèn)為:“我確實認(rèn)為通脹最終會回落,而且抵押貸款利率會下降。”

只是我們要等到5月15日,才能看到通脹的走向,而美聯(lián)儲做出反應(yīng)甚至需要更長的時間。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

房地產(chǎn)市場的形勢錯綜復(fù)雜,但有一點是確定的:現(xiàn)在很難買到房子。讓我為你描述一下房地產(chǎn)市場的狀況。在新冠疫情帶來的房地產(chǎn)市場繁榮期間,美國房價暴漲;更多人居家辦公,甚至可以在任何地方工作。此外,抵押貸款利率降至歷史新低,于是人們紛紛買房。但后來通脹上漲,而美聯(lián)儲(Federal Reserve)為了控制通脹選擇加息。抵押貸款利率隨之上漲,但房價卻沒有下跌,這與典型的房地產(chǎn)市場周期截然不同。所以現(xiàn)在是什么狀況?高房價、高抵押貸款利率和房屋銷售低迷。而且如果你從未擁有過房子,買房就變得更加困難,這意味著大多數(shù)年輕人受到的影響最為嚴(yán)重。

Redfin的首席執(zhí)行官格倫·凱爾曼在5月8日對美國消費者新聞與商業(yè)頻道(CNBC)表示:“問題是,市場回調(diào)并沒有帶來價格的回落;房價上漲了5%。這是因為利率快速上漲,而且沒有發(fā)生經(jīng)濟衰退。”

他繼續(xù)說道:“因此軟著陸總體上對美國是件好事,尤其對經(jīng)濟有利,但對房地產(chǎn)市場卻是壞消息,因為這會讓利率居高不下。因此,進(jìn)入市場的房屋庫存并沒有增多,而且房價也沒有變得更容易承受。正常情況下,在像2008年一樣的市場中,房價會下跌30%至50%,然后購房人突然開始重新進(jìn)入市場。但這一次,房價依舊居高不下,特別是首次購房人被拒之門外。千禧一代一直等著買房,卻始終等不到進(jìn)場的機會。”

但看著房屋價值飆升的嬰兒潮一代,以及在新冠疫情之前或疫情期間買房的人,總體狀況良好(只是他們可能感覺陷入了進(jìn)退兩難的境地,因為他們不想放棄低抵押貸款利率)。

凱爾曼說:“房地產(chǎn)市場已經(jīng)降至最低點。今年會有400萬人搬家;這是多年來的最低水平,而原因是持續(xù)的高利率。”

但情況可能比去年有所好轉(zhuǎn),2023年的現(xiàn)房銷量降至近30年來的最低點。凱爾曼認(rèn)為,有些人今年不太可能推遲他們的買房計劃,“因為他們與前妻住在一起快要把自己逼瘋,或者他們有了第三個孩子,家里已經(jīng)沒有多余的空間。但總體經(jīng)濟條件對買房來說仍然糟糕。”

Realtor.com的首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家丹尼爾·黑爾在5月8日接受美國消費者新聞與商業(yè)頻道采訪時表示,目前的待售房屋數(shù)量比新冠疫情之前少了36%,而且面對高房價和高抵押貸款利率,在50個最大都市區(qū)中的34個區(qū)域,購房人的收入需要超過10萬美元,才有能力購買一套普通住宅。

事實上,房地產(chǎn)市場出現(xiàn)了一些分歧。正如凱爾曼所說,佛羅里達(dá)州和得克薩斯州等地區(qū)正在建設(shè)房屋,因此房價有所回落,而且他預(yù)計在更容易進(jìn)行房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的紅州(共和黨選區(qū)),房價將會持續(xù)下降。但在加州和紐約州,待售房屋的數(shù)量不足以使房價明顯下跌。在加州的城市,收入需要超過10萬美元才能買得起房,因此年輕人選擇了租房。黑爾稱:“因此這些大市場的房屋所有率低于典型的美國房地產(chǎn)市場。所以很有挑戰(zhàn)性。”

盡管待售房屋庫存與去年相比有所改善,但她表示“年輕人的處境依舊非常悲慘”。

過去幾周,每日抵押貸款利率在經(jīng)過最近的上漲之后有所下降。目前平均30年期固定抵押貸款利率為7.18%。抵押貸款利率的走勢取決于經(jīng)濟狀況,尤其是通貨膨脹,而事實證明通貨膨脹的頑固程度超出了預(yù)期。通脹高企的原因之一就是房地產(chǎn)市場;住房消費是消費物價指數(shù)中的重要組成部分。凱爾曼解釋道,我們看到住房消費有所疲軟,但不足以使利率下降。

而且他并不愿意預(yù)測抵押貸款利率到今年年底的走向。凱爾曼說:“我只是不想高興地太早。我們曾經(jīng)以為到年底的時候利率會下降,但我們大失所望;現(xiàn)在,Redfin不會在這方面押注。”

黑爾認(rèn)為:“我確實認(rèn)為通脹最終會回落,而且抵押貸款利率會下降。”

只是我們要等到5月15日,才能看到通脹的走向,而美聯(lián)儲做出反應(yīng)甚至需要更長的時間。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Housing is complicated, but one thing is clear: It’s hard to buy a home right now. Let me paint a picture for you. Home prices skyrocketed during the pandemic-fueled housing boom; more people were working from home and could do so from anywhere. Plus, mortgage rates were historically low, so people bought houses. But then inflation rose and the Federal Reserve raised interest rates in an attempt to tame it. Mortgage rates followed, but unlike in typical housing cycles, home prices didn’t fall. So what do we have? High home prices, high mortgage rates, and depressed home sales. And it’s even harder to buy a home if you’ve never owned one before, meaning mostly younger generations are being hit the hardest.

“The issue is that the correction hasn’t been a correction; prices are up 5%,” Redfin’s chief executive, Glenn Kelman, told CNBC on May 8. “And that’s because interest rates rose so fast this time, and there hasn’t been a recession.”

He continued, “so the soft landing has been good for America overall, good obviously for the economy, but it’s been bad for the housing market because it’s kept rates high. And so that’s why there isn’t more inventory reaching the market, and that’s why homes haven’t become more affordable. Normally in a market like 2008, you see prices come down 30% to 50% and suddenly buyers are back in the game. But this time, prices are still really high, and especially first-time homebuyers are shut out. Millennials have been waiting a long time to buy a house and they just can’t get a break.”

But baby boomers who’ve watched their home values soar, and anyone who bought before or during the pandemic, are generally doing alright (aside from maybe feeling stuck because they don’t want to lose their low mortgage rate).

“Housing has hit rock bottom,” Kelman said. “Four million people are going to move this year; that is the lowest number that we’ve seen in many, many years, and it’s just because interest rates have been so persistently high.”

But it could be better than last year, when existing home sales fell to their lowest point in almost 30 years. Kelman thinks some people are less likely to put off their home buying plans this year, “just because they’re going crazy living with their ex-wife, or they have a third baby and there’s no space in the house. But still, the overall economic conditions for buying a house are rough.”

In a separate interview with CNBC on May 8, Realtor.com’s chief economist, Danielle Hale, said there are 36% fewer homes for sale now than before the pandemic—and with high home prices and high mortgage rates, buyers need to earn more than $100,000 in 34 out of the 50 largest metropolitan areas to buy a typical home.

And here’s the thing, there is a bit of a bifurcation. Places such as Florida and Texas, as Kelman pointed out, are seeing home prices ease because they’re building homes—and he expects that to continue in red states where it’s typically easier to develop anything. In California and New York, there simply aren’t enough homes for sale to see prices fall meaningfully, if at all. So that’s why in cities in California, where you need to make much more than $100,000 to afford a home, younger generations are renting. “It’s why we see homeownership rates in these large markets trail behind the typical U.S. housing market,” Hale said. “So it is challenging.”

Despite some improvement in for-sale inventory compared to last year, she said it is still “a pretty dire situation for young people.”

Daily mortgage rates have fallen after a recent run up over the last few weeks. The current average 30-year fixed mortgage rate is 7.18%. Where mortgage rates are headed really depends on economic conditions, particularly inflation, which is proving to be stickier than expected. And inflation has been so stubborn, for one, because of housing; it’s a large component of the consumer price index. We’ve seen the housing component soften a bit, but not enough to bring rates down, Kelman explained.

And he isn’t keen on predicting where mortgage rates will end the year. “I’m just trying not to count my chickens before they hatch. We’ve had our hearts broken before where we thought we might get lower rates later in the year; Redfin isn’t betting on that right now,” Kelman said.

For Hale’s part, she said: “I do think we’re going to see inflation eventually relent and mortgage rates come down.”

And we’ll have to wait until May 15 to see where inflation lands, and even longer for how the Fed will react.

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