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美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況似乎比想象的好

ALICIA ADAMCZYK
2023-12-15

在過去兩年半,美國(guó)工資的增長(zhǎng)速度實(shí)際上已經(jīng)超過了通脹率。

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根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)聯(lián)合經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)(U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee)民主黨人的一項(xiàng)分析,從2021年1月到2023年10月,全美平均工資和薪金增長(zhǎng)了近1.5萬美元。圖片來源:IMAGES BY TANG MING TUNG

由于過去幾年來生活成本不斷上漲,經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的警鐘持續(xù)敲響,普通美國(guó)人可能對(duì)當(dāng)前的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)不太有信心。但美國(guó)人有很多理由感到有信心,包括根據(jù)大量的政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù),工資和薪金的增長(zhǎng)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)超過了通貨膨脹。

根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)聯(lián)合經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)民主黨人周一發(fā)布的一份分析報(bào)告,從2021年1月到2023年10月,全美平均工資和薪金增長(zhǎng)了近1.5萬美元。民主黨人說,這比同一時(shí)期通脹的增幅高出3500多美元。

美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)聯(lián)合經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)的論點(diǎn)得到了其他經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的支持,這些數(shù)據(jù)也顯示,工資的增長(zhǎng)速度現(xiàn)在超過了通脹率。根據(jù)美國(guó)人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)的數(shù)據(jù),截至2023年9月的12個(gè)月期間,工資和薪金增長(zhǎng)了4.6%,截至2022年9月的12個(gè)月期間,工資和薪金增長(zhǎng)了5.1%。與此同時(shí),從2022年7月到2023年7月,城市消費(fèi)者的居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)(CPI-U)上漲了3.2%。

美國(guó)在線金融服務(wù)商LendingTree的高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家雅各布·切爾(Jacob Channel)表示:“盡管人們可能沒有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn),但他們的工資增長(zhǎng)可能快于物價(jià)上升幅度,至少目前是這樣。”

但切爾說,也有很多需要注意的地方。首先,從2021年4月到今年年初,近期通脹率實(shí)際上超過了工資的增長(zhǎng)速度。美國(guó)家庭不一定會(huì)立即感受到這種差異。

他說,平均值可能會(huì)掩蓋許多人的個(gè)人感受。平均工資漲幅可能超過物價(jià)漲幅,但這并不意味著每個(gè)人的境況都變得更好了;正如近期其他數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的那樣,總會(huì)有家庭在勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)。

切爾說:“工資增長(zhǎng)可能需要更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能真正彌補(bǔ)疫情高峰期以來物價(jià)上升的幅度。不過,如果工資增長(zhǎng)還沒有彌補(bǔ)疫情高峰期以來物價(jià)上升的幅度的話,我相信工資的增長(zhǎng)最終會(huì)完全抵消過去幾年異常高企的物價(jià)。”

經(jīng)濟(jì)氛圍糟糕

美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)聯(lián)合經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)的民主黨人希望把話題轉(zhuǎn)移到通貨膨脹和工資增長(zhǎng)上,這是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的看法將對(duì)拜登總統(tǒng)明年能否連任起到重要作用。到目前為止,盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)基本保持韌性,但美國(guó)人對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的看法大多是負(fù)面的。

公眾輿論與總體經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)之間的脫節(jié),導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和媒體對(duì)“氛圍”為何如此糟糕感到絕望。從總體上看,許多人的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況尚可,甚至比疫情爆發(fā)前更好。

美國(guó)人對(duì)自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況感到消極的原因有很多。雖然通脹現(xiàn)在有所降溫,但物價(jià)比幾年前高得多。對(duì)于住房等主要預(yù)算類別來說尤其如此,許多人仍然負(fù)擔(dān)不起。美國(guó)勞工部(U.S. Labor Department)的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示,油價(jià)終于開始下跌,但包括外出就餐、汽車保險(xiǎn)和汽車在內(nèi)的一些成本仍在上漲。消費(fèi)者債務(wù)在上升,利率推高了借貸成本,美國(guó)較富裕的階層正在縮減開支。媒體對(duì)通脹的報(bào)道也大多是負(fù)面的。

雖然現(xiàn)在工資可能在增長(zhǎng),但與2021年相比,2022年美國(guó)人的實(shí)際收入下降了2.3%。正如切爾所說,美國(guó)家庭需要一段時(shí)間才能在預(yù)算中感受到目前的工資增長(zhǎng)和通脹降溫,尤其是在過去幾年通脹一直是人們談?wù)摰脑掝}的情況下。

盡管如此,在疫情和俄烏沖突的刺激下,物價(jià)正在下行,同時(shí)失業(yè)率仍保持在低位,這無疑是積極的指標(biāo)。盡管許多美國(guó)人對(duì)整體經(jīng)濟(jì)持悲觀態(tài)度,但他們表示自己的個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)狀況良好。經(jīng)濟(jì)中充斥著各類矛盾。

切爾表示:“總而言之,我認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況似乎比許多人意識(shí)到或愿意承認(rèn)的要好。這表明,在人們對(duì)自身財(cái)務(wù)狀況的看法與他們對(duì)'大局'的看法之間,可能存在嚴(yán)重脫節(jié)。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

由于過去幾年來生活成本不斷上漲,經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的警鐘持續(xù)敲響,普通美國(guó)人可能對(duì)當(dāng)前的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)不太有信心。但美國(guó)人有很多理由感到有信心,包括根據(jù)大量的政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù),工資和薪金的增長(zhǎng)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)超過了通貨膨脹。

根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)聯(lián)合經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)民主黨人周一發(fā)布的一份分析報(bào)告,從2021年1月到2023年10月,全美平均工資和薪金增長(zhǎng)了近1.5萬美元。民主黨人說,這比同一時(shí)期通脹的增幅高出3500多美元。

美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)聯(lián)合經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)的論點(diǎn)得到了其他經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的支持,這些數(shù)據(jù)也顯示,工資的增長(zhǎng)速度現(xiàn)在超過了通脹率。根據(jù)美國(guó)人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)的數(shù)據(jù),截至2023年9月的12個(gè)月期間,工資和薪金增長(zhǎng)了4.6%,截至2022年9月的12個(gè)月期間,工資和薪金增長(zhǎng)了5.1%。與此同時(shí),從2022年7月到2023年7月,城市消費(fèi)者的居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)(CPI-U)上漲了3.2%。

美國(guó)在線金融服務(wù)商LendingTree的高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家雅各布·切爾(Jacob Channel)表示:“盡管人們可能沒有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn),但他們的工資增長(zhǎng)可能快于物價(jià)上升幅度,至少目前是這樣。”

但切爾說,也有很多需要注意的地方。首先,從2021年4月到今年年初,近期通脹率實(shí)際上超過了工資的增長(zhǎng)速度。美國(guó)家庭不一定會(huì)立即感受到這種差異。

他說,平均值可能會(huì)掩蓋許多人的個(gè)人感受。平均工資漲幅可能超過物價(jià)漲幅,但這并不意味著每個(gè)人的境況都變得更好了;正如近期其他數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的那樣,總會(huì)有家庭在勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)。

切爾說:“工資增長(zhǎng)可能需要更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能真正彌補(bǔ)疫情高峰期以來物價(jià)上升的幅度。不過,如果工資增長(zhǎng)還沒有彌補(bǔ)疫情高峰期以來物價(jià)上升的幅度的話,我相信工資的增長(zhǎng)最終會(huì)完全抵消過去幾年異常高企的物價(jià)。”

經(jīng)濟(jì)氛圍糟糕

美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)聯(lián)合經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)的民主黨人希望把話題轉(zhuǎn)移到通貨膨脹和工資增長(zhǎng)上,這是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的看法將對(duì)拜登總統(tǒng)明年能否連任起到重要作用。到目前為止,盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)基本保持韌性,但美國(guó)人對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的看法大多是負(fù)面的。

公眾輿論與總體經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)之間的脫節(jié),導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和媒體對(duì)“氛圍”為何如此糟糕感到絕望。從總體上看,許多人的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況尚可,甚至比疫情爆發(fā)前更好。

美國(guó)人對(duì)自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況感到消極的原因有很多。雖然通脹現(xiàn)在有所降溫,但物價(jià)比幾年前高得多。對(duì)于住房等主要預(yù)算類別來說尤其如此,許多人仍然負(fù)擔(dān)不起。美國(guó)勞工部(U.S. Labor Department)的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示,油價(jià)終于開始下跌,但包括外出就餐、汽車保險(xiǎn)和汽車在內(nèi)的一些成本仍在上漲。消費(fèi)者債務(wù)在上升,利率推高了借貸成本,美國(guó)較富裕的階層正在縮減開支。媒體對(duì)通脹的報(bào)道也大多是負(fù)面的。

雖然現(xiàn)在工資可能在增長(zhǎng),但與2021年相比,2022年美國(guó)人的實(shí)際收入下降了2.3%。正如切爾所說,美國(guó)家庭需要一段時(shí)間才能在預(yù)算中感受到目前的工資增長(zhǎng)和通脹降溫,尤其是在過去幾年通脹一直是人們談?wù)摰脑掝}的情況下。

盡管如此,在疫情和俄烏沖突的刺激下,物價(jià)正在下行,同時(shí)失業(yè)率仍保持在低位,這無疑是積極的指標(biāo)。盡管許多美國(guó)人對(duì)整體經(jīng)濟(jì)持悲觀態(tài)度,但他們表示自己的個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)狀況良好。經(jīng)濟(jì)中充斥著各類矛盾。

切爾表示:“總而言之,我認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況似乎比許多人意識(shí)到或愿意承認(rèn)的要好。這表明,在人們對(duì)自身財(cái)務(wù)狀況的看法與他們對(duì)'大局'的看法之間,可能存在嚴(yán)重脫節(jié)。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

The average American might not have much faith in the current U.S. economy, what with the cost-of-living increase over the past few years and persistent recession warning bells. But Americans have many reasons to feel confident—including that wage and salary growth are now outpacing inflation, according to myriad government data.

From January 2021 to October 2023, national average wages and salaries grew by nearly $15,000, according to an analysis from Democrats on the U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee (JEC) released Monday. That’s over $3,500 more than the increase in inflation during that same time period, the Democrats say.

JEC’s thesis is backed up by other economic data, which also shows that wage growth is now outpacing inflation growth. Per the U.S. Census Bureau, wages and salaries increased by 4.6% for the 12-month period ending in September 2023 and by 5.1% for the 12-month period ending in September 2022. Meanwhile, the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, or CPI-U, increased 3.2% from July 2022 to July 2023.

“Even though people might not realize it, their wages likely are increasing faster than prices are rising, at least at the moment,” says Jacob Channel, senior economist at LendingTree.

But there are many caveats, Channel says. For one, inflation growth actually outpaced wage growth very recently, from April of 2021 to early this year. Households won’t necessarily feel the difference immediately.

And averages can obscure what many are feeling on an individual level, he says. That average wages have potentially increased by more than prices doesn’t mean everyone is better off; there will always be households struggling to make ends meet, as other recent data shows.

“It could take more time for rising wages to truly make up for how much higher prices have gone since the height of the pandemic,” says Channel. “Though, if they haven’t already, I’m confident that increases in wages will eventually totally offset the last few years of abnormally high price increases.”

The bad vibes economy

The JEC Democrats want to shift the conversation around inflation and wage growth because Americans’ opinions on the economy will play a major role in whether or not President Joe Biden is reelected next year. And as of now, those opinions are largely negative, despite a mostly resilient economy.

The disconnect between public opinion and general economic data has led to much hand-wringing among economists and the media about why the “vibes” are so bad. Many people are, financially speaking, doing okay, or even better than they were pre-pandemic, in aggregate.

There are any number of reasons why Americans feel negative about their finances. Though inflation is now cooling, prices are much more expensive than they were a couple years ago. This is especially true for major budget categories like housing, which remains unaffordable for many. Gas prices are finally falling, but some costs, including dining out, car insurance, and cars, are still rising, according to the latest data from the U.S. Labor Department. Consumer debt is rising, interest rates are pushing up borrowing costs, and wealthier Americans are pulling back on spending. The media coverage around inflation has also been largely negative.

And while wages may be growing now, Americans’ real incomes fell by 2.3% in 2022 compared to 2021. As Channel said, it will take time for households to feel the current wage growth and lower inflation in their budgets, especially when inflation has been a persistent topic of conversation for the past few years.

That said, price growth—spurred by the pandemic and Russian invasion of Ukraine—is declining while the unemployment rate has remained low, undoubtedly positive indicators. And though many Americans are down on the economy as a whole, they say their personal finances are doing well. Contradictions abound in the economy.

“All in all, I would say that the economy appears to be doing better than a lot of people might realize or be willing to admit,” says Channel. “This goes to show how much of a disconnect there can be between how people view themselves and how they view the ‘big picture.'”

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