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利率上漲致美國房市“冰火兩重天”

LANCE LAMBERT
2023-09-28

低端住房市場火熱得要命,而高端住宅市場則顯著遇冷。

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西雅圖華盛頓湖畔的Laurelhurs社區(qū)。圖片來源:GETTY IMAGES

近期,美國各地的抵押貸款利率全線飆升,從2021年9月的3%上升到了上周三的7.33%。然而各地房地產(chǎn)市場對此的反應(yīng)卻是“冰火兩重天”——低端住房市場火熱得要命,而高端住宅市場則顯著遇冷。

在美國的很多地區(qū),高端住宅的下格都出現(xiàn)了下降,而低端住宅價格則并未受到太大影響。

以西雅圖和舊金山這兩個以高房價著稱的城市為例,這兩地的房價兩極化趨勢尤為明顯。房地產(chǎn)網(wǎng)站Zillow的房價指數(shù)顯示,西雅圖和舊金山的“高端住宅”價格已分別下跌10.7%和13.4%。然而與此同時,兩地的“低端住宅”價格跌幅則要小得多,僅分別為1.5%和4.1%。

這到底是怎么回事呢?首先,隨著全美各地抵押貸款利率上升,居民的還貸壓力陡增,很多購房者只得調(diào)整了他們的預(yù)期。既然購買高端房產(chǎn)已經(jīng)成為一種奢望,購房者自然將目光投向了那些面積較小、價格也較為便宜的中低端住宅。這樣一來,市場的中低端也就得以保持了一定的熱度。

另外,很多改善型住房的買家原本可以接受3%到4%的抵押貸款利率,但現(xiàn)今6%到7%的還貸利率卻讓他們打消了換房的念頭。這也導(dǎo)致了高端住宅的市場需求被進(jìn)一步抑制,同時導(dǎo)致市場低端的庫存供應(yīng)進(jìn)一步減少。

因此,在上述各種因素共同作用下,最近幾個月,美國的低端市場表現(xiàn)一直顯著好于高端市場。

在Zillow追蹤的全美前40大房地產(chǎn)市場中,有29個市場的“高端價格層”仍低于疫情前的最高價格水平,有23個市場的“中端價格層”也尚未恢復(fù)疫情前的最高價格水平。但相比之下,只有10個市場的“低端價格層”仍低于疫情前的最高價格水平。

換句話說,今年7月份,在全美40個最大城市中,有30城的房市“低端價格層”創(chuàng)下歷史新高,這也突顯了經(jīng)濟(jì)實惠的房子對老百姓更有持久的吸引力。

同時,這種市場分化也存在著一定的地域差異。比如美國西部的鳳凰城和舊金山等高房價地區(qū)的總體跌幅顯著超過了芝加哥、辛辛那提等房價相對較低的中東部市場。特別值得注意的是,包括辛辛那提和芝加哥在內(nèi)的11個地區(qū)的房價均在7月份創(chuàng)下歷史新高。這種轉(zhuǎn)變的一個重要原因是,很多被高房價逼走的購房者和投資者都將目光投向了芝加哥、辛辛那提和堪薩斯城等地。

換句話說,2023年上半年美國房產(chǎn)市場的總體趨勢是放棄“買不起”的地方,涌向買得起的地方。這導(dǎo)致低端市場出現(xiàn)了較大幅度的價格上漲,而那些房價相對較低的地區(qū)同樣也出現(xiàn)了一定幅度的價格上漲。(財富中文網(wǎng))

注:本文中提到的“較低價格層”是指Zillow房價指數(shù)所追蹤的5%至35%的房價區(qū)間。“中端價格層”是指35%到65%的房價區(qū)間。“高端價格層”是指65%到95%的房價區(qū)間。

譯者:樸成奎

近期,美國各地的抵押貸款利率全線飆升,從2021年9月的3%上升到了上周三的7.33%。然而各地房地產(chǎn)市場對此的反應(yīng)卻是“冰火兩重天”——低端住房市場火熱得要命,而高端住宅市場則顯著遇冷。

在美國的很多地區(qū),高端住宅的下格都出現(xiàn)了下降,而低端住宅價格則并未受到太大影響。

以西雅圖和舊金山這兩個以高房價著稱的城市為例,這兩地的房價兩極化趨勢尤為明顯。房地產(chǎn)網(wǎng)站Zillow的房價指數(shù)顯示,西雅圖和舊金山的“高端住宅”價格已分別下跌10.7%和13.4%。然而與此同時,兩地的“低端住宅”價格跌幅則要小得多,僅分別為1.5%和4.1%。

這到底是怎么回事呢?首先,隨著全美各地抵押貸款利率上升,居民的還貸壓力陡增,很多購房者只得調(diào)整了他們的預(yù)期。既然購買高端房產(chǎn)已經(jīng)成為一種奢望,購房者自然將目光投向了那些面積較小、價格也較為便宜的中低端住宅。這樣一來,市場的中低端也就得以保持了一定的熱度。

另外,很多改善型住房的買家原本可以接受3%到4%的抵押貸款利率,但現(xiàn)今6%到7%的還貸利率卻讓他們打消了換房的念頭。這也導(dǎo)致了高端住宅的市場需求被進(jìn)一步抑制,同時導(dǎo)致市場低端的庫存供應(yīng)進(jìn)一步減少。

因此,在上述各種因素共同作用下,最近幾個月,美國的低端市場表現(xiàn)一直顯著好于高端市場。

在Zillow追蹤的全美前40大房地產(chǎn)市場中,有29個市場的“高端價格層”仍低于疫情前的最高價格水平,有23個市場的“中端價格層”也尚未恢復(fù)疫情前的最高價格水平。但相比之下,只有10個市場的“低端價格層”仍低于疫情前的最高價格水平。

換句話說,今年7月份,在全美40個最大城市中,有30城的房市“低端價格層”創(chuàng)下歷史新高,這也突顯了經(jīng)濟(jì)實惠的房子對老百姓更有持久的吸引力。

同時,這種市場分化也存在著一定的地域差異。比如美國西部的鳳凰城和舊金山等高房價地區(qū)的總體跌幅顯著超過了芝加哥、辛辛那提等房價相對較低的中東部市場。特別值得注意的是,包括辛辛那提和芝加哥在內(nèi)的11個地區(qū)的房價均在7月份創(chuàng)下歷史新高。這種轉(zhuǎn)變的一個重要原因是,很多被高房價逼走的購房者和投資者都將目光投向了芝加哥、辛辛那提和堪薩斯城等地。

換句話說,2023年上半年美國房產(chǎn)市場的總體趨勢是放棄“買不起”的地方,涌向買得起的地方。這導(dǎo)致低端市場出現(xiàn)了較大幅度的價格上漲,而那些房價相對較低的地區(qū)同樣也出現(xiàn)了一定幅度的價格上漲。(財富中文網(wǎng))

注:本文中提到的“較低價格層”是指Zillow房價指數(shù)所追蹤的5%至35%的房價區(qū)間。“中端價格層”是指35%到65%的房價區(qū)間。“高端價格層”是指65%到95%的房價區(qū)間。

譯者:樸成奎

Mortgage rates have surged uniformly across the country, going from just 3% in September 2021 to 7.33% as of Wednesday. However, the response from housing prices has been anything but uniform, leading to a fascinating divergence in the nation’s housing market. It’s really a tale of two housing markets, one red-hot at the bottom and another ice-cold at the top.

In many regional housing markets, higher-end homes have experienced price declines, while starter homes have remained relatively unscathed.

Seattle and San Francisco, two markets renowned for their high-priced housing markets, epitomize this stark contrast in home values. According to the Zillow Home Value Index, “upper price tier” home values have plummeted by 10.7% and 13.4%, respectively, in Seattle and San Francisco. Meanwhile, “l(fā)ower price tier” home values have seen far milder declines, with decreases of just 1.5% and 4.1% in Seattle and San Francisco, respectively.

What’s going on? As housing affordability deteriorated across the country under the weight of higher mortgage rates, homebuyers simply adjusted their expectations. With the upper echelons of the market out of reach for many buyers, they’ve turned with attention to smaller and lower-priced homes. In doing so, they’ve kept the bottom half of the market relatively warmer.

Furthermore, many move-up buyers, who would be trading in a 3% or 4% mortgage rate for a 6% or 7% rate, have chosen to remain in their current homes. Consequently, this results in a reduced influx of move-up demand into the “upper price tier,” while simultaneously decreasing the supply available in the “l(fā)ower price tier.”

In recent months, lower-priced homes have consistently outperformed their higher-end counterparts.

Among the nation's 40 largest housing markets tracked by Zillow, 29 markets remain below their pandemic-era price peak in the "upper price tier," while 23 are yet to regain those peaks in the "middle price tier." In contrast, just 10 markets remain below their pandemic peak in the "lower price tier."

Put another way, 30 out of the nation's 40 largest housing markets set all-time highs for "lower price tier" homes in July, underscoring the enduring appeal of more affordable housing options.

We've also witnessed this bifurcation manifest regionally, as high-cost Western markets like Phoenix and San Francisco have experienced overall price declines surpassing those of their more affordable Midwestern counterparts, such as Cincinnati and Chicago. Remarkably, home prices in 11 markets, including Cincinnati and Chicago, reached new all-time highs across price tiers in July. One significant reason for this shift is that individuals and investors who had been priced out of markets like San Francisco and Austin are redirecting their focus toward cities like Chicago, Cincinnati, and Kansas City.

In other words, there was a run on “relative affordability” in the first half of 2023. It resulted in lower price tiers experiencing more substantial price gains and "relatively affordable markets" outperforming their less affordable counterparts in terms of price increases.

Note: "Lower price tier" reflects the typical value for homes tracked by the Zillow Home Value Index in the 5th to 35th percentile range. "Middle price tier" reflects the typical value for homes in the 35th to 65th percentile range. "Upper price tier" reflects the typical value for homes in the 65th to 95th percentile range.

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