2018年以來,由于俄烏戰爭、通脹飆升和中美關系緊張導致經濟波動,2022年全球億萬富翁人數首次出現下降。數據公司Altrata發布的年度億萬富翁調查報告顯示,2022年全球億萬富翁人數減少了3.5%,共3194人,財富則縮水了11.1萬億美元。該調查主要基于全球最大的富人研究數據庫Wealth-X提供的數據。
疫情爆發的前兩年,億萬富翁的財富曾急速上升。樂施會(Oxfam)一份報告發現,從2020年到2021年,全世界最富有的1%人口獲得了28萬億美元,美國億萬富翁財富增加了三分之一。部分原因是2021年低利率環境下,政府支出又處于高位,股市節節走高。
不過Wealth-X發現,2022年億萬富翁的財富總額減少了5.5%,這是十年里降幅第二的年份。約有三分之一億萬富翁住在北美,占富豪總人數比例下降了2.3%,降至1011人,亞洲富豪人數降幅最大,減少7.1%至835人。2022年亞洲億萬富翁損失也最慘重,財富縮水了9%。2022年只有中東(增長7.2%)和拉丁美洲(增長4.4%)億萬富翁的財富實現了增長。
盡管亞洲億萬富翁的總體數量有所減少,新加坡的億萬富翁人數卻增幅最大,2022年新增54人。億萬富翁仍集中在超級城市里,紐約、中國香港和舊金山的億萬富翁數量最多,分別為136、112和84人。
報告發現,2022年不同行業的億萬富翁財富增減情況差別很大。掌握科技、醫療或能源大企業的富豪財富損失超過5%,而航空航天、航運、建筑和食品飲料行業巨頭一般來說財富是增加的。年長的億萬富翁也比年輕的億萬富翁表現更好,70歲以上的億萬富翁平均只損失了2.2%,接近5.5%平均虧損水平的一半。
疫情后的趨勢則對各行業的韌性或弱點產生不同的影響,食品和飲料是利潤率很高的消費品,所以較容易維持。與之類似,根據該億萬富翁調查,由于全球貿易經濟在疫情中斷后復蘇,供應鏈恢復正常節奏,航運業億萬富翁也從中獲利。報告補充稱,俄烏戰爭后國防領域的富豪財富增加,因為軍事裝備的生產需求加大。
性別和代溝
億萬富翁的財富和規模可能有所波動,然而另一個方面仍然基本停滯。億萬富翁的性別差距仍然很大,年輕億萬富翁年齡段的女性比例較高一些。總體而言,億萬富翁里女性僅占12.5%,不過在50歲以下人群中,女性占17.9%。
“全球財富市場多元化、女性創業增加、公司文化(和董事會)態度轉變緩慢,以及大筆財富代際轉移的頻率不斷上升,都是背后的影響因素,” 該億萬富翁調查報告提到性別差距變化緩慢時表示。
不同年齡的億萬富翁賺錢的地區也是存在區別。三個年齡段(50歲以下、50-70歲和70歲以上)中最大頭的行業都是銀行和金融,不過最年輕的億萬富翁群體里第二大行業是科技。相比之下,科技行業在70歲及以上億萬富翁身處行業里甚至排不進前五。此外,工業集團在年齡較長的兩個億萬富翁群體里排名第二,在年輕億萬富翁群體中也排不進前五。
從年長和年輕億萬富翁在行業方面的差異,可看出全世界最富有的人們賺取巨額財富方式的巨大轉變。技術,尤其是隨著人工智能出現,成為了新的賺錢手段,而工業集團之類傳統行業似乎逐漸消失。在財富水平整體下降的大環境下,技術和其他財富新源泉的持久性仍有待觀察。(財富中文網)
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
2018年以來,由于俄烏戰爭、通脹飆升和中美關系緊張導致經濟波動,2022年全球億萬富翁人數首次出現下降。數據公司Altrata發布的年度億萬富翁調查報告顯示,2022年全球億萬富翁人數減少了3.5%,共3194人,財富則縮水了11.1萬億美元。該調查主要基于全球最大的富人研究數據庫Wealth-X提供的數據。
疫情爆發的前兩年,億萬富翁的財富曾急速上升。樂施會(Oxfam)一份報告發現,從2020年到2021年,全世界最富有的1%人口獲得了28萬億美元,美國億萬富翁財富增加了三分之一。部分原因是2021年低利率環境下,政府支出又處于高位,股市節節走高。
不過Wealth-X發現,2022年億萬富翁的財富總額減少了5.5%,這是十年里降幅第二的年份。約有三分之一億萬富翁住在北美,占富豪總人數比例下降了2.3%,降至1011人,亞洲富豪人數降幅最大,減少7.1%至835人。2022年亞洲億萬富翁損失也最慘重,財富縮水了9%。2022年只有中東(增長7.2%)和拉丁美洲(增長4.4%)億萬富翁的財富實現了增長。
盡管亞洲億萬富翁的總體數量有所減少,新加坡的億萬富翁人數卻增幅最大,2022年新增54人。億萬富翁仍集中在超級城市里,紐約、中國香港和舊金山的億萬富翁數量最多,分別為136、112和84人。
報告發現,2022年不同行業的億萬富翁財富增減情況差別很大。掌握科技、醫療或能源大企業的富豪財富損失超過5%,而航空航天、航運、建筑和食品飲料行業巨頭一般來說財富是增加的。年長的億萬富翁也比年輕的億萬富翁表現更好,70歲以上的億萬富翁平均只損失了2.2%,接近5.5%平均虧損水平的一半。
疫情后的趨勢則對各行業的韌性或弱點產生不同的影響,食品和飲料是利潤率很高的消費品,所以較容易維持。與之類似,根據該億萬富翁調查,由于全球貿易經濟在疫情中斷后復蘇,供應鏈恢復正常節奏,航運業億萬富翁也從中獲利。報告補充稱,俄烏戰爭后國防領域的富豪財富增加,因為軍事裝備的生產需求加大。
性別和代溝
億萬富翁的財富和規模可能有所波動,然而另一個方面仍然基本停滯。億萬富翁的性別差距仍然很大,年輕億萬富翁年齡段的女性比例較高一些。總體而言,億萬富翁里女性僅占12.5%,不過在50歲以下人群中,女性占17.9%。
“全球財富市場多元化、女性創業增加、公司文化(和董事會)態度轉變緩慢,以及大筆財富代際轉移的頻率不斷上升,都是背后的影響因素,” 該億萬富翁調查報告提到性別差距變化緩慢時表示。
不同年齡的億萬富翁賺錢的地區也是存在區別。三個年齡段(50歲以下、50-70歲和70歲以上)中最大頭的行業都是銀行和金融,不過最年輕的億萬富翁群體里第二大行業是科技。相比之下,科技行業在70歲及以上億萬富翁身處行業里甚至排不進前五。此外,工業集團在年齡較長的兩個億萬富翁群體里排名第二,在年輕億萬富翁群體中也排不進前五。
從年長和年輕億萬富翁在行業方面的差異,可看出全世界最富有的人們賺取巨額財富方式的巨大轉變。技術,尤其是隨著人工智能出現,成為了新的賺錢手段,而工業集團之類傳統行業似乎逐漸消失。在財富水平整體下降的大環境下,技術和其他財富新源泉的持久性仍有待觀察。(財富中文網)
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
For the first time since 2018, the number of global billionaires fell last year as the war in Ukraine, surging inflation, and U.S./China strain caused worldwide economic volatility. The billionaire population slumped by 3.5% to 3,194 people, who lost $11.1 trillion in wealth, according to the annual billionaire census by data company Altrata. The census is based on data from the Wealth-X database, the world’s largest collection of research on the wealthy.
The slump comes after a surge in billionaire wealth in the first two years of the pandemic. From 2020–2021, the world’s top 1% gained $28 trillion in wealth, an Oxfam report found, and U.S. billionaires became a third richer. Part of this was because the stock market boomed in 2021 from low interest rates and high government spending.
But Wealth-X found that the total wealth of the billionaire population declined by 5.5% in 2022—the second-largest annual dip in a decade. North America, home to about a third of all billionaires, saw its share of the population drop by 2.3% to 1,011 individuals, while Asia saw the most dramatic decline of 7.1% to 835 individuals. Asian billionaires also lost the biggest chunk of their money in 2022, losing 9% of their total holdings. The only regions that saw growth in billionaire wealth last year were the Middle East (by 7.2%) and Latin America (by 4.4%).
But despite Asia’s overall decrease in billionaires, Singapore was the top-ranked city in billionaire population growth, adding 54 more people to its ranks in 2022. Billionaires are still concentrated in superstar cities, with New York, Hong Kong, and San Francisco boasting the highest numbers at 136, 112, and 84 billionaires, respectively.
Whether billionaires accrued or lost wealth last year differed greatly by industry, the report found. Those with technology, health care, or energy empires lost over 5% of their wealth, whereas aerospace, shipping, construction, and food and beverage tycoons generally got richer. Older billionaires also fared better than their younger counterparts, with those over 70 losing an average of just 2.2% of their assets, close to half the 5.5% average of the overall population.
Post-pandemic trends influenced the resilience or vulnerability of sectors, with food and beverage staying afloat as consumer staples with strong profit margins. Likewise, shipping billionaires benefited from the global trade economy recovering from pandemic disruption and supply chains falling back into regular rhythm, according to the census. It added that the war in Ukraine bolstered wealth for the defense sector, as it demanded increased production of military equipment.
Gender and generational gaps
Despite fluctuations in the wealth and size of the billionaire population, another aspect remains mostly stagnant. The gender disparity among billionaires is still wide, but the percentage of women is higher in the younger billionaire age brackets. Overall, women make up just 12.5% of all billionaires, but in the under-50 bracket, they make up 17.9%
“Diversifying global wealth markets, the growth in female entrepreneurship, slowly evolving cultural (and boardroom) attitudes, and the rising frequency of substantial inter-generational wealth transfers are all contributory factors,” the census said of the slow-changing gender split.
There’s also a difference in where billionaires of different ages made their money. While the biggest sector of all three age brackets (under 50, 50–70, and 70-plus) is banking and finance, the youngest group of billionaires’ second-biggest industry is technology. In comparison, technology doesn’t even rank among the top five industries of billionaires 70 and older. What’s more, the industry that ranked second among the two older brackets of billionaires—industrial conglomerates—is not present in the top five industries of young billionaires.
The difference between old and young billionaires’ industries signals a huge shift in how the world’s richest are making their billions. Technology, especially with the emergence of A.I., is the buzzy new moneymaker, while some traditional industries like conglomerates seem to be fading from the picture. In the context of the overall wealth decline, the durability of technology and other new wellsprings of wealth remains to be seen.