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惡行累累的FTX又添新罪,債務(wù)人報告內(nèi)容觸目驚心

WILL DANIEL
2023-04-16

雖然FTX集團的破產(chǎn)在一個新興行業(yè)造成了規(guī)??涨暗膫?,但該公司破產(chǎn)的許多根本原因并不陌生,例如傲慢、無能和貪婪等。

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2023年3月30日,F(xiàn)TX創(chuàng)始人山姆·班克曼-弗萊德離開位于紐約市的美國聯(lián)邦法院。攝影:KYLE MAZZA —— ANADOLU AGENCY/蓋蒂圖片社

在對已破產(chǎn)的加密貨幣交易平臺FTX的深入調(diào)查中,有一份最新報告曝光了對該公司的多項指控,包括高管用開玩笑的態(tài)度對待被遺忘的數(shù)百萬美元資產(chǎn),公司的文化會打壓潛在問題的報告者,而且全然漠視正常會計原則。

周日,由現(xiàn)任CEO和首席重組官約翰·雷三世領(lǐng)頭的FTX債務(wù)人,向美國特拉華州破產(chǎn)法院提交了一份39頁的報告,詳細披露了該交易平臺及其交易子公司Alameda Research的困境。他們指控FTX受到由聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼前CEO山姆·班克曼-弗萊德掌控的一個高管團伙完全控制。這些高管沒有執(zhí)行恰當?shù)臅?、安全和管理實踐,導(dǎo)致該公司的“加密貨幣資產(chǎn)和資金從一開始就面臨風(fēng)險”。

他們寫道:“雖然FTX集團的破產(chǎn)在一個新興行業(yè)造成了規(guī)??涨暗膫?,但該公司破產(chǎn)的許多根本原因并不陌生,例如傲慢、無能和貪婪等?!?/p>

報告稱,班克曼-弗萊德和其他高管,包括聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人加里·王和Alameda Research CEO卡洛琳·艾莉森,“打壓不同意見,混合并濫用公司和客戶的資金,向第三方謊報業(yè)務(wù)情況,并且將動輒遺忘數(shù)百萬美元資產(chǎn)的情況在內(nèi)部作為玩笑,最終導(dǎo)致飛速崛起的FTX集團迅速破產(chǎn)。”

班克曼-弗萊德層被認為是加密貨幣圈的金童。在他和曾經(jīng)如日中天的交易平臺破產(chǎn)之后,遭到了各種指控。2022年初,經(jīng)過疫情期間加密貨幣價格暴漲之后,F(xiàn)TX的估值高達320億美元,據(jù)媒體稱班克曼-弗萊德本人的身家高達160億美元。但不到一年后的11月,該公司爆發(fā)流動性危機,最終曝光其資產(chǎn)負債表存在70億美元巨大缺口,之后該公司按照破產(chǎn)法第11章申請破產(chǎn)保護。

FTX破產(chǎn)很快引發(fā)了法律訴訟。去年12月,班克曼-弗萊德被巴哈馬當局逮捕,但他至今對13項聯(lián)邦指控拒不認罪,包括電信欺詐和共謀洗錢等一系列刑事指控。班克曼-弗萊德預(yù)計將在今年10月開始接受法庭審判,但加里·王和卡洛琳·艾莉森等高管以及前工程總監(jiān)尼沙德·辛格都在去年承認了欺詐指控罪名。

現(xiàn)在,F(xiàn)TX的債務(wù)人表示,自FTX破產(chǎn)以來,他們已經(jīng)收回了14億美元數(shù)字資產(chǎn),并確定了另外17億美元可收回的資產(chǎn)。在這個過程中,他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多幕后細節(jié),曝光了班克曼·弗萊德如何經(jīng)營他的加密貨幣帝國。他們表示,仍在“每天獲得新消息”,并將“在適當?shù)臅r候公布更多調(diào)查結(jié)果”。

數(shù)百萬美元資產(chǎn)不翼而飛? “這就是人生”

過去五個月,各大媒體紛紛爆料,揭露FTX在破產(chǎn)之前糟糕的公司控制措施,但最新法院文件顯示該公司的情況早已到了不可收拾的地步。

債務(wù)人的報告指控,該公司內(nèi)部“無據(jù)可查的情況比比皆是”,例如公司高管甚至沒有全體員工名單。沒有可識別的客戶和員工記錄,導(dǎo)致班克曼-弗萊德和他的團隊經(jīng)常會忘記數(shù)百萬美元資產(chǎn)。

眾所周知,F(xiàn)TX使用會計軟件QuickBooks,經(jīng)營當時全球交易量第二大的加密貨幣交易平臺,而QuickBooks主要用于小公司和消費者。債務(wù)人的報告發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)TX內(nèi)部的56家實體根本沒有財務(wù)報表,35家FTX實體使用QuickBooks以及“谷歌(Google)文檔、Slack通信、共享驅(qū)動器和Excel數(shù)據(jù)表以及其他非企業(yè)解決方案,管理資產(chǎn)和負債?!?/p>

債務(wù)人還聲稱,F(xiàn)TX的支出和發(fā)票被提交到一個Slack頻道,并使用聊天表情審批。他們寫道:“這種不正規(guī)的臨時信息系統(tǒng)被用于審批數(shù)千萬美元的資金轉(zhuǎn)賬,結(jié)果只有非正規(guī)的轉(zhuǎn)賬記錄或者根本沒有任何記錄?!?/p>

報告稱,Alameda的情況更糟糕。報告將該公司標記為一家投機性“加密貨幣對沖基金”。據(jù)爆料,在編寫Alameda的2022年6月“投資組合摘要”時,班克曼-弗萊德告訴員工如果需要標記某些代幣的價值,只要“編幾個數(shù)字”即可。班克曼-弗萊德在與其他高管的內(nèi)部通信中稱Alameda“已經(jīng)超越了任何審計師可以審計的門檻,就連部分審計都做不到。”

他寫道:“我們有時候會發(fā)現(xiàn)5,000萬美元被閑置的資產(chǎn),而我們早已忘記還有這筆資產(chǎn);這就是人生?!?/p>

報告還披露了已經(jīng)被廣泛報道的事實,即有數(shù)百萬美元FTX的資產(chǎn)進入了前內(nèi)部人士的腰包,讓他們過上奢靡的生活,購買豪宅。

報告稱:“無數(shù)貸款在前內(nèi)部人士和Alameda之間執(zhí)行,沒有任何同期資料記錄,而根據(jù)這些所謂的貸款撥付的資金,沒有任何明確的記錄說明它們的目的。”

打壓不同意見,人人自危

FTX不僅在會計和風(fēng)險控制方面管理不當。債務(wù)人的報告稱,以班克曼-弗萊德為首的高管團隊還試圖壓制任何“加強”合規(guī)的聲音。

FTX美國總裁布萊特·哈里森因為公司不透明的管理結(jié)構(gòu)、關(guān)鍵人員招聘和其他問題,與班克曼-弗萊德和工程總監(jiān)辛格發(fā)生了分歧,因此選擇辭職。報告稱:“哈里森直接向他們提出這些問題后,他的獎金被大幅降低,而且有高級內(nèi)部法律顧問指示他因為提出問題向班克曼-弗萊德道歉,但被哈里森拒絕?!?/p>

就連法律顧問也不安全,可能遭到班克曼-弗萊德和高管團隊的打壓。債務(wù)人稱,F(xiàn)TX交易分公司聘請的一位律師,因為對公司“缺乏控制措施、合格的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和風(fēng)險管理”等問題“表達擔(dān)憂”,之后就被辭退。

債務(wù)人的報告還發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然FTX在廣告中自稱是存放加密貨幣的安全平臺,但其大多數(shù)資產(chǎn)都保存在“熱錢包”中,因此“更容易遭到黑客攻擊、盜竊和濫用”。而且該公司的技術(shù)顯然也不可靠。一位前FTX員工表示:“如果尼沙德·辛格被公共汽車撞到,整個公司就會完蛋。加里·王也存在同樣的問題?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進龍

審校:汪皓

2023年3月30日,F(xiàn)TX創(chuàng)始人山姆·班克曼-弗萊德離開位于紐約市的美國聯(lián)邦法院。攝影:KYLE MAZZA —— ANADOLU AGENCY/蓋蒂圖片社

在對已破產(chǎn)的加密貨幣交易平臺FTX的深入調(diào)查中,有一份最新報告曝光了對該公司的多項指控,包括高管用開玩笑的態(tài)度對待被遺忘的數(shù)百萬美元資產(chǎn),公司的文化會打壓潛在問題的報告者,而且全然漠視正常會計原則。

周日,由現(xiàn)任CEO和首席重組官約翰·雷三世領(lǐng)頭的FTX債務(wù)人,向美國特拉華州破產(chǎn)法院提交了一份39頁的報告,詳細披露了該交易平臺及其交易子公司Alameda Research的困境。他們指控FTX受到由聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼前CEO山姆·班克曼-弗萊德掌控的一個高管團伙完全控制。這些高管沒有執(zhí)行恰當?shù)臅嫛踩凸芾韺嵺`,導(dǎo)致該公司的“加密貨幣資產(chǎn)和資金從一開始就面臨風(fēng)險”。

他們寫道:“雖然FTX集團的破產(chǎn)在一個新興行業(yè)造成了規(guī)模空前的傷害,但該公司破產(chǎn)的許多根本原因并不陌生,例如傲慢、無能和貪婪等?!?/p>

報告稱,班克曼-弗萊德和其他高管,包括聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人加里·王和Alameda Research CEO卡洛琳·艾莉森,“打壓不同意見,混合并濫用公司和客戶的資金,向第三方謊報業(yè)務(wù)情況,并且將動輒遺忘數(shù)百萬美元資產(chǎn)的情況在內(nèi)部作為玩笑,最終導(dǎo)致飛速崛起的FTX集團迅速破產(chǎn)?!?/p>

班克曼-弗萊德層被認為是加密貨幣圈的金童。在他和曾經(jīng)如日中天的交易平臺破產(chǎn)之后,遭到了各種指控。2022年初,經(jīng)過疫情期間加密貨幣價格暴漲之后,F(xiàn)TX的估值高達320億美元,據(jù)媒體稱班克曼-弗萊德本人的身家高達160億美元。但不到一年后的11月,該公司爆發(fā)流動性危機,最終曝光其資產(chǎn)負債表存在70億美元巨大缺口,之后該公司按照破產(chǎn)法第11章申請破產(chǎn)保護。

FTX破產(chǎn)很快引發(fā)了法律訴訟。去年12月,班克曼-弗萊德被巴哈馬當局逮捕,但他至今對13項聯(lián)邦指控拒不認罪,包括電信欺詐和共謀洗錢等一系列刑事指控。班克曼-弗萊德預(yù)計將在今年10月開始接受法庭審判,但加里·王和卡洛琳·艾莉森等高管以及前工程總監(jiān)尼沙德·辛格都在去年承認了欺詐指控罪名。

現(xiàn)在,F(xiàn)TX的債務(wù)人表示,自FTX破產(chǎn)以來,他們已經(jīng)收回了14億美元數(shù)字資產(chǎn),并確定了另外17億美元可收回的資產(chǎn)。在這個過程中,他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多幕后細節(jié),曝光了班克曼·弗萊德如何經(jīng)營他的加密貨幣帝國。他們表示,仍在“每天獲得新消息”,并將“在適當?shù)臅r候公布更多調(diào)查結(jié)果”。

數(shù)百萬美元資產(chǎn)不翼而飛? “這就是人生”

過去五個月,各大媒體紛紛爆料,揭露FTX在破產(chǎn)之前糟糕的公司控制措施,但最新法院文件顯示該公司的情況早已到了不可收拾的地步。

債務(wù)人的報告指控,該公司內(nèi)部“無據(jù)可查的情況比比皆是”,例如公司高管甚至沒有全體員工名單。沒有可識別的客戶和員工記錄,導(dǎo)致班克曼-弗萊德和他的團隊經(jīng)常會忘記數(shù)百萬美元資產(chǎn)。

眾所周知,F(xiàn)TX使用會計軟件QuickBooks,經(jīng)營當時全球交易量第二大的加密貨幣交易平臺,而QuickBooks主要用于小公司和消費者。債務(wù)人的報告發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)TX內(nèi)部的56家實體根本沒有財務(wù)報表,35家FTX實體使用QuickBooks以及“谷歌(Google)文檔、Slack通信、共享驅(qū)動器和Excel數(shù)據(jù)表以及其他非企業(yè)解決方案,管理資產(chǎn)和負債?!?/p>

債務(wù)人還聲稱,F(xiàn)TX的支出和發(fā)票被提交到一個Slack頻道,并使用聊天表情審批。他們寫道:“這種不正規(guī)的臨時信息系統(tǒng)被用于審批數(shù)千萬美元的資金轉(zhuǎn)賬,結(jié)果只有非正規(guī)的轉(zhuǎn)賬記錄或者根本沒有任何記錄。”

報告稱,Alameda的情況更糟糕。報告將該公司標記為一家投機性“加密貨幣對沖基金”。據(jù)爆料,在編寫Alameda的2022年6月“投資組合摘要”時,班克曼-弗萊德告訴員工如果需要標記某些代幣的價值,只要“編幾個數(shù)字”即可。班克曼-弗萊德在與其他高管的內(nèi)部通信中稱Alameda“已經(jīng)超越了任何審計師可以審計的門檻,就連部分審計都做不到?!?/p>

他寫道:“我們有時候會發(fā)現(xiàn)5,000萬美元被閑置的資產(chǎn),而我們早已忘記還有這筆資產(chǎn);這就是人生。”

報告還披露了已經(jīng)被廣泛報道的事實,即有數(shù)百萬美元FTX的資產(chǎn)進入了前內(nèi)部人士的腰包,讓他們過上奢靡的生活,購買豪宅。

報告稱:“無數(shù)貸款在前內(nèi)部人士和Alameda之間執(zhí)行,沒有任何同期資料記錄,而根據(jù)這些所謂的貸款撥付的資金,沒有任何明確的記錄說明它們的目的?!?/p>

打壓不同意見,人人自危

FTX不僅在會計和風(fēng)險控制方面管理不當。債務(wù)人的報告稱,以班克曼-弗萊德為首的高管團隊還試圖壓制任何“加強”合規(guī)的聲音。

FTX美國總裁布萊特·哈里森因為公司不透明的管理結(jié)構(gòu)、關(guān)鍵人員招聘和其他問題,與班克曼-弗萊德和工程總監(jiān)辛格發(fā)生了分歧,因此選擇辭職。報告稱:“哈里森直接向他們提出這些問題后,他的獎金被大幅降低,而且有高級內(nèi)部法律顧問指示他因為提出問題向班克曼-弗萊德道歉,但被哈里森拒絕?!?/p>

就連法律顧問也不安全,可能遭到班克曼-弗萊德和高管團隊的打壓。債務(wù)人稱,F(xiàn)TX交易分公司聘請的一位律師,因為對公司“缺乏控制措施、合格的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和風(fēng)險管理”等問題“表達擔(dān)憂”,之后就被辭退。

債務(wù)人的報告還發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然FTX在廣告中自稱是存放加密貨幣的安全平臺,但其大多數(shù)資產(chǎn)都保存在“熱錢包”中,因此“更容易遭到黑客攻擊、盜竊和濫用”。而且該公司的技術(shù)顯然也不可靠。一位前FTX員工表示:“如果尼沙德·辛格被公共汽車撞到,整個公司就會完蛋。加里·王也存在同樣的問題?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進龍

審校:汪皓

A new report filed in the ongoing autopsy of failed crypto exchange FTX reveals a litany of accusations against the company including executives who laughed about losing track of millions, a culture that cracked down on anyone who flagged potential problems, and a total disregard for normal accounting principles.

A group of FTX’s debtors, led by current CEO and chief restructuring officer John Ray III, filed a 39-page report with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware Sunday, detailing the demise of the exchange along with its trading arm, Alameda Research. They allege that FTX was completely controlled by a small cabal of executives, helmed by cofounder and former CEO Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF), who failed to institute proper accounting, security, and management practices, putting the firm’s “crypto assets and funds at risk from the outset.”

“While the FTX Group’s failure is novel in the unprecedented scale of harm it caused in a nascent industry, many of its root causes are familiar: hubris, incompetence, and greed,” they wrote.

SBF and his top execs, including cofounder Gary Wang and Alameda Research CEO Caroline Ellison, “stifled dissent, commingled and misused corporate and customer funds, lied to third parties about their business, joked internally about their tendency to lose track of millions of dollars in assets, and thereby caused the FTX Group to collapse as swiftly as it had grown,” the report says.

The allegations come after a swift fall from grace for crypto’s former golden boy, SBF, and his once high-flying exchange. In early 2022, after cryptocurrency prices soared throughout the pandemic, FTX was valued at $32 billion and SBF himself was reportedly worth $16 billion. But less than a year later, in November, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after a liquidity crisis eventually revealed a $7 billion hole in its balance sheet.

The legal fallout from FTX’s collapse was swift. SBF was arrested by Bahamian authorities in December and has since pleaded not guilty to 13 federal indictments against him for a variety of criminal charges including wire fraud and conspiracy to commit money laundering. The former CEO’s trial is now scheduled to begin in October, but other top lieutenants including Gary Wang and Caroline Ellison, as well as former engineering chief Nishad Singh, all already pleaded guilty to fraud charges last year.

Now, FTX’s debtors say they’ve recovered over $1.4 billion in digital assets since the exchange went under and identified an additional $1.7 billion that can be recovered. In the process, they’ve also uncovered numerous behind-the-scenes details about how SBF operated his crypto empire. And they say they are still gaining “new information daily” and will submit “additional findings in due course.”

Missing millions? ‘Such is life’

Revelations about the shoddy state of FTX’s corporate controls before its collapse have flooded headlines over the past five months, but the latest court documents show just how out of hand the situation may have been.

There was a “pervasive lack of records” at the company, the debtors’ report alleges, noting execs didn’t even have a list of all their employees. The lack of identifiable records for clients and employees led SBF and his team to lose track of millions in assets regularly.

FTX famously used the accounting software QuickBooks, which is meant for small businesses and consumers, to run what was then the world’s second-largest crypto exchange by volume. But the debtors’ report found that 56 entities within FTX didn’t produce financial statements at all, while 35 FTX entities used QuickBooks and “a hodgepodge of Google documents, Slack communications, shared drives, and Excel spreadsheets and other non-enterprise solutions to manage their assets and liabilities.”

The debtors also claimed that FTX’s expenses and invoices were submitted on a Slack channel and approved via emoji. “These informal, ephemeral messaging systems were used to procure approvals for transfers in the tens of millions of dollars, leaving only informal records of such transfers, or no records at all,” they wrote.

The situation at Alameda was even worse, according to the report, which labels the firm a speculative “crypto hedge fund.” When putting together Alameda’s June 2022 “Portfolio summary,” SBF reportedly told his staff to just “come up with some numbers” when it came to labeling certain token values. And in internal communications with fellow execs, SBF called Alameda “hilariously beyond any threshold of any auditor being able to even get partially through an audit.”

“We sometimes find $50m of assets lying around that we lost track of; such is life,” he wrote.

The report also alleged, as has been widely reported, that millions of dollars of FTX’s holdings made their way into the hands of former insiders who lived lavish lifestyles and bought expensive real estate.

“Numerous loans were executed between former insiders and Alameda without contemporaneous documentation, and funds were disbursed pursuant to those purported loans with no clear record of their purpose,” the report says.

Stifling dissent and not so secure

FTX was not only mismanaging its accounting and risk controls. According to the debtors’ report, top executives led by SBF also attempted to silence any attempts to “enhance” compliance.

The president of FTX.US, Brett Harrison, resigned after a disagreement with SBF and engineering chief Singh about the company’s opaque management structure, key hires, and other issues. “After raising these issues directly with them, his bonus was drastically reduced and senior internal counsel instructed him to apologize to Bankman-Fried for raising the concerns, which he refused to do,” the report says.

Even legal counsel wasn’t safe from backlash from SBF and his team of top execs. The debtors allege that a lawyer hired by FTX’s trading arm was fired after “expressing concerns” about a “l(fā)ack of corporate controls, capable leadership, and risk management.”

The debtors’ report also found that while FTX advertised itself as a safe place to store cryptocurrencies, it kept most of its assets in “hot-wallets,” which made them “more susceptible to hacking, theft [and] misappropriation.” And the firm’s tech was apparently hanging on by a thread, too. One former FTX employee said that “if Nishad [Singh] got hit by a bus, the whole company would be done. Same issue with Gary [Wang].”

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