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一項新研究發現,閱讀、跳舞和社交能夠降低患癡呆癥風險

癡呆癥這種疾病影響了全世界5,500多萬人。

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研究人員發現閱讀等休閑活動能夠降低患癡呆癥風險。圖片來源:GETTY IMAGES

讀書是一種很好的放松方式,但專家發現讀書還可能降低患癡呆癥風險。根據美國神經病學學會(American Academy of Neurology)醫學雜志《神經病學》(Neurology)上發表的一項新研究,研究人員發現進行瑜伽鍛煉和與愛人共度時光等休閑活動能夠降低一個人患癡呆癥的風險。癡呆癥這種疾病影響了全世界5,500多萬人。

雖然在該項研究中沒有開展任何新的調研工作,但專家們探究了世界各地38項既往研究,這些研究共對200萬沒有罹患癡呆癥的人群進行觀察。對研究對象進行了至少為期三年的跟蹤調查,其中74,700人患上了癡呆癥。癡呆癥目前是所有病癥中第七大致死病癥。

在這些研究中,研究對象自述了他們的休閑活動。休閑活動是指“人們為獲得樂趣或幸福感而參加的活動”,分為精神活動、身體活動和社交活動。與不參加休閑活動的人群相比,參加這些活動的人群患癡呆癥的風險降低了17%。

趣味性閱讀或寫作、玩游戲或演奏樂器、制作手工藝品、甚至看電視等精神活動益處最多,參加這些活動的人群患癡呆癥的風險降低了23%。還有研究表明,掌握兩種語言能夠延緩癡呆癥的發病癥狀,這項研究向人們展示了學習一門新語言的其他益處,即使大腦保持活力、促進健康老齡化。

網絡語言學校Lingoda的課程團隊負責人菲利帕·溫策爾表示:“學習一門新語言涉及并刺激大腦的各個不同部分,并促使各個部分之間產生新的路徑和聯系。如同身體鍛煉改變我們的身體機能,學習一門新語言帶來的腦力鍛煉也改變著我們的大腦結構。”

進行散步、跑步、瑜伽、體育運動、騎行、舞蹈和集體訓練課程等身體活動的人群患癡呆癥的風險降低了17%。參加涉及人際溝通的社交活動的人群患癡呆癥的風險降低了7%,此類活動包括上課、提供志愿服務、探親訪友或參加宗教儀式等。

雖然年齡是癡呆癥最常見的風險因素,但它也受到心臟健康與身體活動的影響。癡呆癥的癥狀包括健忘、思緒混亂和溝通困難。該項研究的作者、北京市北京大學第六醫院的陸林博士表示,既往研究也表明,休閑活動能夠降低患癌風險,減少心房纖顫,并對一個人的總體幸福感產生積極影響。

美國阿爾茨海默癥協會(Alzheimer’s Association)醫學和科學關系副總裁希瑟·斯奈德博士表示:“雖然對于人們應采取何種確切的風險降低策略來降低患癡呆癥的風險尚無定論,但是我們可以從即日起開始將一些行動融入到我們的日常生活中,這些行動可能降低認知衰退的風險,例如堅持有益于心臟健康的飲食習慣、定期鍛煉以及保持認知參與等。找到你喜歡做的事情并堅持下去。”(財富中文網)

翻譯:郝秀

審校:汪皓

讀書是一種很好的放松方式,但專家發現讀書還可能降低患癡呆癥風險。根據美國神經病學學會(American Academy of Neurology)醫學雜志《神經病學》(Neurology)上發表的一項新研究,研究人員發現進行瑜伽鍛煉和與愛人共度時光等休閑活動能夠降低一個人患癡呆癥的風險。癡呆癥這種疾病影響了全世界5,500多萬人。

雖然在該項研究中沒有開展任何新的調研工作,但專家們探究了世界各地38項既往研究,這些研究共對200萬沒有罹患癡呆癥的人群進行觀察。對研究對象進行了至少為期三年的跟蹤調查,其中74,700人患上了癡呆癥。癡呆癥目前是所有病癥中第七大致死病癥。

在這些研究中,研究對象自述了他們的休閑活動。休閑活動是指“人們為獲得樂趣或幸福感而參加的活動”,分為精神活動、身體活動和社交活動。與不參加休閑活動的人群相比,參加這些活動的人群患癡呆癥的風險降低了17%。

趣味性閱讀或寫作、玩游戲或演奏樂器、制作手工藝品、甚至看電視等精神活動益處最多,參加這些活動的人群患癡呆癥的風險降低了23%。還有研究表明,掌握兩種語言能夠延緩癡呆癥的發病癥狀,這項研究向人們展示了學習一門新語言的其他益處,即使大腦保持活力、促進健康老齡化。

網絡語言學校Lingoda的課程團隊負責人菲利帕·溫策爾表示:“學習一門新語言涉及并刺激大腦的各個不同部分,并促使各個部分之間產生新的路徑和聯系。如同身體鍛煉改變我們的身體機能,學習一門新語言帶來的腦力鍛煉也改變著我們的大腦結構。”

進行散步、跑步、瑜伽、體育運動、騎行、舞蹈和集體訓練課程等身體活動的人群患癡呆癥的風險降低了17%。參加涉及人際溝通的社交活動的人群患癡呆癥的風險降低了7%,此類活動包括上課、提供志愿服務、探親訪友或參加宗教儀式等。

雖然年齡是癡呆癥最常見的風險因素,但它也受到心臟健康與身體活動的影響。癡呆癥的癥狀包括健忘、思緒混亂和溝通困難。該項研究的作者、北京市北京大學第六醫院的陸林博士表示,既往研究也表明,休閑活動能夠降低患癌風險,減少心房纖顫,并對一個人的總體幸福感產生積極影響。

美國阿爾茨海默癥協會(Alzheimer’s Association)醫學和科學關系副總裁希瑟·斯奈德博士表示:“雖然對于人們應采取何種確切的風險降低策略來降低患癡呆癥的風險尚無定論,但是我們可以從即日起開始將一些行動融入到我們的日常生活中,這些行動可能降低認知衰退的風險,例如堅持有益于心臟健康的飲食習慣、定期鍛煉以及保持認知參與等。找到你喜歡做的事情并堅持下去。”(財富中文網)

翻譯:郝秀

審校:汪皓

Reading a book is a nice way to relax, but experts have found that it may also reduce your risk of dementia. In a new study published in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, researchers found that leisure activities, such as doing yoga and spending time with loved ones, could lower a person’s risk of developing dementia, a disease that impacts more than 55 million people around the world.

While the study didn’t include any new research, experts reviewed 38 previous studies from around the world, which observed a total of 2 million people who did not have dementia. Participants were followed for at least three years and 74,700 people developed dementia, which is currently the seventh leading cause of death among all diseases.

In the studies, participants self-reported their leisure activities, which were defined as “those in which people engaged for enjoyment or well-being,” and they were divided into mental, physical, and social activities. Those who participated in such activities had a 17% lower risk of developing dementia compared with those who did not.

Mental activities, such as reading or writing for pleasure, playing games or musical instruments, making crafts—and even watching TV—had the most benefits, with people who engaged in these activities having a 23% lower risk of dementia. There’s also research that suggests being bilingual can delay the onset symptoms of dementia, adding to the benefits of learning a new language to keep your brain active and promote healthy aging.

“Learning a new language involves and stimulates multiple different parts of your brain and encourages new pathways and connections to develop between them,” says Philippa Wentzel, curriculum team lead at Lingoda, an online language school. “Just how physical exercise changes our bodies, the mental exercise involved in learning a new language also changes the structures of our brains.”

Those who engaged in physical activities, such as walking, running, yoga, playing sports, cycling, dancing, and group exercise classes, had a 17% lower risk of dementia. Those who participated in social activities that involved communicating with others, such as taking a class, volunteering, visiting relatives or friends, or attending a religious service, had a 7% lower risk of dementia.

While age is the most common risk factor for dementia, it can also be influenced by heart health and physical activity. Symptoms of dementia include forgetfulness, confusion, and difficulty communicating. Previous studies have also indicated that leisure activities can lower cancer risk, reduce atrial fibrillation, and positively impact a person’s overall well-being, according to study author Lin Lu, Ph.D., of Peking University Sixth Hospital in Beijing.

“While the jury is still out on the exact risk reduction strategy that someone should use to reduce their risk of dementia, there are things we can start incorporating into our daily lives today that may reduce our risk of cognitive decline,” says Heather Snyder, Ph.D., Alzheimer’s Association vice president of medical and scientific relations. “Eating a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly, and staying cognitively engaged are just a few. Find something that you enjoy doing and stick with it.”

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