美國家長：孩子戴口罩可以，打疫苗不行
Sy Mukherjee
2021-08-19
8月11日公布的一項新調(diào)查顯示，對學(xué)校要求佩戴口罩佩以預(yù)防新冠病毒的傳播的要求，絕大多數(shù)美國父母表示支持。然而，父母們對于新冠疫苗強(qiáng)制注射令的支持率卻普遍較低。隨著人們在新一輪新冠疫情和德爾塔變種病毒病例激增的陰影籠罩下回歸新學(xué)年，不要指望自身都未接種的這類成年人群會讓其孩子接種新冠疫苗。
值得注意的是，7月底，美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心（Centers for Disease Control）不僅建議那些未接種人群要佩戴口罩，同時還呼吁所有美國學(xué)校都要佩戴口罩，包括那些位于沒有新增病例地區(qū)的學(xué)校。該機(jī)構(gòu)稱，校內(nèi)任何人員，包括老師、學(xué)生、員工和訪問者，都應(yīng)該佩戴口罩，即便是已經(jīng)完全完成新冠疫苗接種的人也不例外。
輝瑞（Pfizer）/BioNTech基于mRNA的新冠疫苗并不是當(dāng)前唯一獲美國食品與藥品管理局（Food and Drug Administration）批準(zhǔn)、可用于12-17歲青少年的疫苗。Moderna也已經(jīng)申請將疫苗拓展至這一年齡段，而且預(yù)計在數(shù)月甚至數(shù)周內(nèi)就能夠得到批準(zhǔn)。美國第三種獲批疫苗的生產(chǎn)商強(qiáng)生（Johnson & Johnson）還未提出類似申請，但計劃在今年秋季之前招募?xì)q數(shù)低至12歲的兒童參加其單針劑新冠疫苗實驗。
然而，對注射疫苗的猶豫不決以及加劇新冠疫苗分歧的奇怪社會政治因素，繼續(xù)影響著父母對于上學(xué)子女接種疫苗的看法。如果一位父母接種了，那么其子女至少接種一針疫苗或即將盡快接種的概率就會大幅提升。另一方面，高達(dá)50%的未接種父母對凱撒家庭基金會（KFF）說，他們“肯定不會”讓其12-17歲的孩子接種輝瑞的獲批疫苗，而另有19%表示只會在政府或?qū)W校系統(tǒng)下達(dá)強(qiáng)制令后才會接種。
凱撒家庭基金會還深入挖掘了讓父母對孩子接種疫苗感到害怕的原因。畢竟，有5%的已接種疫苗父母稱他們“肯定”不會在開學(xué)之前給孩子接種，而且還有23%的人希望在做出決定之前“再觀望一段時間”。
看來，有關(guān)各類疫苗（尤其是新冠疫苗）的長期傳聞以及被揭穿的謠言是父母猶豫不決的根本原因。特別是那些對于遭到廣泛反駁的謠言深信不疑的父母，因為在這些謠言中，有的稱新冠疫苗的有效性被媒體過于夸大，還有的稱接種后的副作用可能比患感染新冠病毒更嚴(yán)重。第二種觀點在那些還沒有接種的成年人中廣為流傳。
然而，父母（其中也包括一些已經(jīng)接種的父母）對新冠疫苗不利于其子女的看法所造成的涓滴效應(yīng)，凸顯了一些非主流顧慮。凱撒家庭基金會研究報告的幾位成年人作者寫道，這些顧慮包括擔(dān)心新冠疫苗可能“會對其孩子未來的生育能力帶來負(fù)面影響”。這些作者都有未接種的12-17歲孩子。
該研究稱，“據(jù)報道，在未接種青少年的父母中，有四分之三（73%）擔(dān)心疫苗可能會對孩子未來的生育能力帶來負(fù)面影響，盡管美國疾病控制中心稱‘沒有證據(jù)顯示任何疫苗，包括新冠疫苗，會導(dǎo)致女性或男性不孕不育問題?！痹谶@些父母中，有88%依然不清楚新冠疫苗是否對兒童有影響而感到“非?！被颉坝行睋?dān)憂。接近80%的父母擔(dān)心其孩子可能不得不面對新冠疫苗的嚴(yán)重副作用。
那些已經(jīng)接種的父母不大可能會說自己存在同樣的健康焦慮問題。然而，70%的已接種父母依然對新冠疫苗給其孩子帶來的嚴(yán)重副作用感到擔(dān)憂，其中有58%的父母質(zhì)疑疫苗可能會對孩子未來的生育能力帶來影響。那些孩子在學(xué)校的父母普遍認(rèn)為，學(xué)校會在沒有父母的許可下強(qiáng)制為孩子接種疫苗。
因此，盡管7%的已接種父母可能計劃讓其年幼的孩子或青少年在疫苗可用之后“馬上”接種疫苗，但23%的“觀望型”父母可能會要求獲得更多令人信服的證據(jù)，同時，占有壓倒性比例的未接種成年人似乎已經(jīng)決定，絕不會讓其孩子注射疫苗。（財富中文網(wǎng)）
譯者：馮豐
審校：夏林
8月11日公布的一項新調(diào)查顯示，對學(xué)校要求佩戴口罩佩以預(yù)防新冠病毒的傳播的要求，絕大多數(shù)美國父母表示支持。然而，父母們對于新冠疫苗強(qiáng)制注射令的支持率卻普遍較低。隨著人們在新一輪新冠疫情和德爾塔變種病毒病例激增的陰影籠罩下回歸新學(xué)年，不要指望自身都未接種的這類成年人群會讓其孩子接種新冠疫苗。
值得注意的是，7月底，美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心（Centers for Disease Control）不僅建議那些未接種人群要佩戴口罩，同時還呼吁所有美國學(xué)校都要佩戴口罩，包括那些位于沒有新增病例地區(qū)的學(xué)校。該機(jī)構(gòu)稱，校內(nèi)任何人員，包括老師、學(xué)生、員工和訪問者，都應(yīng)該佩戴口罩，即便是已經(jīng)完全完成新冠疫苗接種的人也不例外。
輝瑞（Pfizer）/BioNTech基于mRNA的新冠疫苗并不是當(dāng)前唯一獲美國食品與藥品管理局（Food and Drug Administration）批準(zhǔn)、可用于12-17歲青少年的疫苗。Moderna也已經(jīng)申請將疫苗拓展至這一年齡段，而且預(yù)計在數(shù)月甚至數(shù)周內(nèi)就能夠得到批準(zhǔn)。美國第三種獲批疫苗的生產(chǎn)商強(qiáng)生（Johnson & Johnson）還未提出類似申請，但計劃在今年秋季之前招募?xì)q數(shù)低至12歲的兒童參加其單針劑新冠疫苗實驗。
然而，對注射疫苗的猶豫不決以及加劇新冠疫苗分歧的奇怪社會政治因素，繼續(xù)影響著父母對于上學(xué)子女接種疫苗的看法。如果一位父母接種了，那么其子女至少接種一針疫苗或即將盡快接種的概率就會大幅提升。另一方面，高達(dá)50%的未接種父母對凱撒家庭基金會（KFF）說，他們“肯定不會”讓其12-17歲的孩子接種輝瑞的獲批疫苗，而另有19%表示只會在政府或?qū)W校系統(tǒng)下達(dá)強(qiáng)制令后才會接種。
凱撒家庭基金會還深入挖掘了讓父母對孩子接種疫苗感到害怕的原因。畢竟，有5%的已接種疫苗父母稱他們“肯定”不會在開學(xué)之前給孩子接種，而且還有23%的人希望在做出決定之前“再觀望一段時間”。
看來，有關(guān)各類疫苗（尤其是新冠疫苗）的長期傳聞以及被揭穿的謠言是父母猶豫不決的根本原因。特別是那些對于遭到廣泛反駁的謠言深信不疑的父母，因為在這些謠言中，有的稱新冠疫苗的有效性被媒體過于夸大，還有的稱接種后的副作用可能比患感染新冠病毒更嚴(yán)重。第二種觀點在那些還沒有接種的成年人中廣為流傳。
然而，父母（其中也包括一些已經(jīng)接種的父母）對新冠疫苗不利于其子女的看法所造成的涓滴效應(yīng)，凸顯了一些非主流顧慮。凱撒家庭基金會研究報告的幾位成年人作者寫道，這些顧慮包括擔(dān)心新冠疫苗可能“會對其孩子未來的生育能力帶來負(fù)面影響”。這些作者都有未接種的12-17歲孩子。
該研究稱，“據(jù)報道，在未接種青少年的父母中，有四分之三（73%）擔(dān)心疫苗可能會對孩子未來的生育能力帶來負(fù)面影響，盡管美國疾病控制中心稱‘沒有證據(jù)顯示任何疫苗，包括新冠疫苗，會導(dǎo)致女性或男性不孕不育問題。’”在這些父母中，有88%依然不清楚新冠疫苗是否對兒童有影響而感到“非常”或“有些”擔(dān)憂。接近80%的父母擔(dān)心其孩子可能不得不面對新冠疫苗的嚴(yán)重副作用。
那些已經(jīng)接種的父母不大可能會說自己存在同樣的健康焦慮問題。然而，70%的已接種父母依然對新冠疫苗給其孩子帶來的嚴(yán)重副作用感到擔(dān)憂，其中有58%的父母質(zhì)疑疫苗可能會對孩子未來的生育能力帶來影響。那些孩子在學(xué)校的父母普遍認(rèn)為，學(xué)校會在沒有父母的許可下強(qiáng)制為孩子接種疫苗。
因此，盡管7%的已接種父母可能計劃讓其年幼的孩子或青少年在疫苗可用之后“馬上”接種疫苗，但23%的“觀望型”父母可能會要求獲得更多令人信服的證據(jù)，同時，占有壓倒性比例的未接種成年人似乎已經(jīng)決定，絕不會讓其孩子注射疫苗。（財富中文網(wǎng)）
譯者：馮豐
審校：夏林
A strong majority of American parents support masking requirements in schools to protect against COVID, according to a new survey released on August 11. But support for COVID vaccine mandates is much lower among parents generally. And don't count on groups such as unvaccinated adults to get their children a coronavirus shot as we head back into the school year beneath the shadow of the latest COVID-19 wave and the Delta variant's surge.
It should be noted the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) went further than simply advising masks for the unvaccinated at the end of July when it recommended mask wearing in all U.S. schools, including for schools in locales without a rising coronavirus case count. The agency says anyone who is on any school premises in person, including teachers, students, staff, and visitors, should be required to wear masks, including those who are fully vaccinated against COVID.
Pfizer/BioNTech's mRNA-based COVID vaccine is the only one currently authorized for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in Americans as young as 12 to 17 years old. Moderna has also applied for an expansion into this age group and is expected to get it within months or even weeks. Johnson & Johnson, which makes the third vaccine currently approved in the U.S., has not yet applied for the same expansion but plans to enroll children as young as 12 to its one-dose COVID vaccine trials by this fall.
But a mixture of vaccine hesitancy and the strange sociopolitical factors driving the COVID vaccine divide continue to influence parents' views on getting their schoolchildren immunized. And if a parent is vaccinated, the chances raise dramatically that their kids have had at least one COVID vaccine dose, too, or will get one as soon as possible. On the flip side, a staggering 50% of unvaccinated parents told KFF they would "definitely not" get their 12- to 17-year-old child Pfizer's authorized vaccine and another 19% would only do so if forced to by the government or school system.
KFF also delves into what's driving parents' fears on whether or not to get their kids a COVID shot. After all, even 5% of vaccinated parents say they "definitely" won't vaccinate their children before school begins and another 23% want to "wait and see" before making a decision.
It appears that longstanding myths and debunked claims about vaccines generally—and the COVID vaccine in particular—lie at the root of parents' hesitancy, especially parents who believe the widely refuted claims that coronavirus vaccines' efficacy is overblown by the media or that an immunization's side effects can be worse than getting COVID-19 the disease itself. The latter is a widespread view among adults who haven't received their own jabs.
But the trickle effect on how parents feel about the COVID vaccine for their kids, including some parents who are themselves vaccinated, highlights some niche concerns. Those include worries that a COVID vaccine could "negatively impact their child's fertility in the future," write the KFF study authors of adults with unvaccinated kids ages 12 to 17.
"Nearly three-quarters of parents of unvaccinated adolescents (73%) report being concerned that the vaccine may negatively impact their child’s fertility in the future, even though the CDC states there is 'no evidence that any vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines, cause female or male fertility problems,'" according to the study. And 88% of this group of parents are either "very" or "somewhat" concerned that COVID shots' long-term effects on children are still unknown. Just shy of 80% are worried their kid might have to grapple with serious side effects from a coronavirus jab.
Parents who have been vaccinated themselves are somewhat less likely to say they have those same health anxieties. But 70% of immunized parents are still wary of serious COVID vaccine side effects for their kids, including 58% who have questions about a shot's possible effect on future fertility in children. The prospect of forced vaccination without a parent's permission is also common among those with schoolchildren.
So while 7% of vaccinated parents may plan on getting their young child or teen a COVID shot "right away" once available, the 23% in the "wait and see" crowd might require a lot more convincing, alongside the overwhelming share of unvaccinated adults who seem determined not to get their kid a shot at all.
