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面對新冠病毒的新變種,輝瑞力爭疫苗加強針在8月獲批

早期數據顯示,疫苗加強針可以大幅增強對新冠病毒的防護效果。

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輝瑞公司計劃在8月向美國監管部門申請,緊急批準新冠疫苗第三針加強針。早期數據顯示,疫苗加強針可以大幅增強對新冠病毒的防護效果。

輝瑞的研究主管米卡埃爾·多爾斯滕在接受采訪時稱,公司已經獲得早期人體研究原始數據,顯示現有新冠病毒疫苗注射第三針是安全的,與原有疫苗相比,能夠將中和抗體水平提高5至10倍。

多爾斯滕說,一旦掌握了更多的數據,輝瑞就打算申請美國食品與藥品監督管理局批準加強針,可以在最初兩針之后的6到8個月注射。他表示,輝瑞還與其他國家和歐盟的監管機構介紹了新測試結果。目前輝瑞與BioNTech公司合作生產疫苗。

多爾斯滕指出,由于早期數據看起來很有說服力,而且人們越發擔心變異病毒,包括當前正在多國蔓延傳染性超強的德爾塔變異病毒,所以公司將公開計劃。

“人們非常擔心,也很恐懼變異病毒。”他說,“我們確信加強針能夠高效防護德爾塔變異病毒。”

抗體結果樣本不大,只有10到20人注射了加強針。不過多爾斯滕稱,“數據集合結果很清晰,我們充分相信全面研究可以重現相同的結果。”

以色列出現突破性案例

mRNA疫苗能夠有效防護新冠肺炎重癥,也包括德爾塔變異病毒感染,但已經出現了突破性病例的跡象。舉例來說,英國在5月進行的一項研究發現,注射第二針輝瑞疫苗后,對預防德爾塔變異病毒導致明顯癥狀的有效性為88%。

本月以色列公布的最新數據顯示,自從德爾塔變異病毒流行以來,輝瑞疫苗的有效性已經降至64%,不過在防止重癥住院方面的有效性達93%。

多爾斯滕說,輝瑞對以色列數據的解讀為,自1月和2月以色列民眾開始接種疫苗以來,血液中的抗體水平有所下降。他認為,在傳染性超強的變異病毒蔓延期間,人們雖然不會出現重癥,但仍然可能存在輕癥傳播。

多爾斯滕指出,即便一線抗體的效力略減,疫苗仍然能夠激發多種記憶反應,可以抵御重癥。

“血液中抗體水平較低時,傳染性超強的病毒可能再次感染,并導致輕癥。”他說。

對付德爾塔變異病毒的加強針

輝瑞打算專門針對德爾塔病毒,開始為新加強針展開人體試驗。但多爾斯滕表示,不太可能需要定制疫苗,因為現有疫苗針對變異病毒產生抗體方面的效果已經很好。

他說,只要能夠預防輕癥就可以發揮作用,因為有助于減緩可能引發新變異的感染,也能夠預防輕微感染后可能導致的長期新冠肺炎病例。

之前,輝瑞的首席執行官艾伯樂(Albert Bourla)曾經建議,多數人可能在12個月內需要注射新冠疫苗加強針,此后可能每年要注射一次。但醫學專家警告說,尚不清楚是否需要加強針,以及何時需要。

多爾斯滕指出,現在全世界只有一小部分地區接種了疫苗,而且變異病毒層出不窮,注射疫苗加強針可能是重要的預防手段,可以讓已經接種疫苗的地區不必持續采取影響正常生活秩序的隔離措施。

“未來幾年里,最好是放棄等待奇跡出現,為嚴肅的現實做好準備。”他說。

輝瑞的疫苗是全球領先的新冠疫苗之一。輝瑞公司表示,截至7月1日,已經向全球分發超過8.6億劑疫苗,其中3.3億多劑銷往歐盟,2億多劑銷往美國。

據美國疾病控制和預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)統計,目前美國注射的輝瑞疫苗超過1.84億劑,已經超過1.35億劑的Moderna疫苗。(財富中文網)

譯者:馮豐

輝瑞公司計劃在8月向美國監管部門申請,緊急批準新冠疫苗第三針加強針。早期數據顯示,疫苗加強針可以大幅增強對新冠病毒的防護效果。

輝瑞的研究主管米卡埃爾·多爾斯滕在接受采訪時稱,公司已經獲得早期人體研究原始數據,顯示現有新冠病毒疫苗注射第三針是安全的,與原有疫苗相比,能夠將中和抗體水平提高5至10倍。

多爾斯滕說,一旦掌握了更多的數據,輝瑞就打算申請美國食品與藥品監督管理局批準加強針,可以在最初兩針之后的6到8個月注射。他表示,輝瑞還與其他國家和歐盟的監管機構介紹了新測試結果。目前輝瑞與BioNTech公司合作生產疫苗。

多爾斯滕指出,由于早期數據看起來很有說服力,而且人們越發擔心變異病毒,包括當前正在多國蔓延傳染性超強的德爾塔變異病毒,所以公司將公開計劃。

“人們非常擔心,也很恐懼變異病毒。”他說,“我們確信加強針能夠高效防護德爾塔變異病毒。”

抗體結果樣本不大,只有10到20人注射了加強針。不過多爾斯滕稱,“數據集合結果很清晰,我們充分相信全面研究可以重現相同的結果。”

以色列出現突破性案例

mRNA疫苗能夠有效防護新冠肺炎重癥,也包括德爾塔變異病毒感染,但已經出現了突破性病例的跡象。舉例來說,英國在5月進行的一項研究發現,注射第二針輝瑞疫苗后,對預防德爾塔變異病毒導致明顯癥狀的有效性為88%。

本月以色列公布的最新數據顯示,自從德爾塔變異病毒流行以來,輝瑞疫苗的有效性已經降至64%,不過在防止重癥住院方面的有效性達93%。

多爾斯滕說,輝瑞對以色列數據的解讀為,自1月和2月以色列民眾開始接種疫苗以來,血液中的抗體水平有所下降。他認為,在傳染性超強的變異病毒蔓延期間,人們雖然不會出現重癥,但仍然可能存在輕癥傳播。

多爾斯滕指出,即便一線抗體的效力略減,疫苗仍然能夠激發多種記憶反應,可以抵御重癥。

“血液中抗體水平較低時,傳染性超強的病毒可能再次感染,并導致輕癥。”他說。

對付德爾塔變異病毒的加強針

輝瑞打算專門針對德爾塔病毒,開始為新加強針展開人體試驗。但多爾斯滕表示,不太可能需要定制疫苗,因為現有疫苗針對變異病毒產生抗體方面的效果已經很好。

他說,只要能夠預防輕癥就可以發揮作用,因為有助于減緩可能引發新變異的感染,也能夠預防輕微感染后可能導致的長期新冠肺炎病例。

之前,輝瑞的首席執行官艾伯樂(Albert Bourla)曾經建議,多數人可能在12個月內需要注射新冠疫苗加強針,此后可能每年要注射一次。但醫學專家警告說,尚不清楚是否需要加強針,以及何時需要。

多爾斯滕指出,現在全世界只有一小部分地區接種了疫苗,而且變異病毒層出不窮,注射疫苗加強針可能是重要的預防手段,可以讓已經接種疫苗的地區不必持續采取影響正常生活秩序的隔離措施。

“未來幾年里,最好是放棄等待奇跡出現,為嚴肅的現實做好準備。”他說。

輝瑞的疫苗是全球領先的新冠疫苗之一。輝瑞公司表示,截至7月1日,已經向全球分發超過8.6億劑疫苗,其中3.3億多劑銷往歐盟,2億多劑銷往美國。

據美國疾病控制和預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)統計,目前美國注射的輝瑞疫苗超過1.84億劑,已經超過1.35億劑的Moderna疫苗。(財富中文網)

譯者:馮豐

Pfizer Inc. plans to request U.S. emergency authorization in August for a third booster dose of its COVID-19 vaccine, based on early data showing that it can sharply increase immune protection against the coronavirus.

The company has received initial data from an early human study showing that a third dose of its existing coronavirus vaccine is safe and can raise neutralizing antibody levels by 5 to 10 fold compared with the original vaccine, Pfizer research head Mikael Dolsten said in an interview.

Once more data is in hand, Pfizer plans to ask the FDA to authorize a booster shot that could be given six to eight months after the original two doses, Dolsten said. The drugmaker is also talking with regulators in other countries and the European Union about the new results, he said. Pfizer produces the vaccine in partnership with BioNTech SE.

Dolsten said the company is going public with its plans because the early data looks convincing and because of increasing concern about mutations of the virus, including the ultra-transmissible Delta variant that is spreading in numerous countries.

“There is a lot of fear and concern” about variants, Dolsten said. “We are confident that such a boost will be highly effective against the Delta variant.”

While the antibody results are based on a small initial cohort of roughly 10 to 20 people who received the booster, Dolsten said that the “the data set is so clear we have complete confidence that the full study will reproduce this.”

Breakthrough cases in Israel

Messenger RNA vaccines provide powerful protection against severe COVID-19, including cases caused by the Delta strain, but there have been signs of breakthrough cases. A British study in May, for example, found the Pfizer shot was 88% effective in preventing symptomatic disease from the Delta variant after the second dose.

More recent data released by Israel this month found that Pfizer’s efficacy had dropped to 64% since the Delta variant took over there, even as it was 93% effective at keeping people out of the hospital.

Dolsten said Pfizer interprets the Israel finding as a sign that blood-antibody levels have faded somewhat since people in Israel started being vaccinated in January and February. In the presence of a highly transmissible strain, that may allow mild cases to slip through even though people remain protected against severe disease, he said.

Even when front-line antibodies have faded slightly, the vaccine still produces a variety of memory responses that can stave off severe disease, Dolsten said.

“When you have low blood levels of an antibody, viruses that are highly contagious may reinfect and cause mild disease,” Dolsten said.

A booster against the Delta variant

Separately, Pfizer plans to begin human trials of a new booster customized against the Delta strain. But Dolsten said it was unlikely that this customized vaccine will be needed, as the existing vaccine does a good job of producing antibodies against the variant.

Even preventing mild cases can be useful because it will help slow infections that can lead to new variants, and will prevent cases of long Covid that can occur even after mild infections, Dolsten said.

In the past, Pfizer Chief Executive Officer Albert Bourla has suggested that Covid booster shots may be needed for most people within 12 months, and annual boosters might be needed after that. But medical experts have cautioned that it isn’t clear whether and when boosters will be needed.

With only a small portion of the world vaccinated so far and variants emerging like wildfire, booster shots may be an important way to keep vaccinated parts of the world from having to continually going back to disruptive social distancing measures, Dolsten said.

“For the next few years, it is better to be prepared for what seems like a sober reality than to hold for miracles,” he said.

The Pfizer shot is one of the leading Covid vaccines globally. As of July 1, Pfizer said it had shipped more than 860 million doses of its vaccine around the world, including over 330 million doses to the EU and over 200 million doses to the U.S.

In the U.S., over 184 million doses of the Pfizer vaccine have been administered so far, outpacing 135 million doses of Moderna Inc.’s vaccine that have been used in the country, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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