英、美、法、德為何執(zhí)念于經(jīng)濟(jì)改革？
Siva Sithraputhran
2021-04-26
一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示，在包括美國在內(nèi)的多個大型經(jīng)濟(jì)體，許多人要求改革經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，并提出了從對富人加稅到增強(qiáng)社會保障網(wǎng)等眾多訴求。
皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）在2020年秋末的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，法國對新經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的渴望最強(qiáng)烈，70%的受訪者呼吁徹底改革經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。在美國、英國和德國，約50%的受訪者認(rèn)為本國應(yīng)該大規(guī)模調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。
盡管具體政策措施仍然有分歧，但調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)受訪者對其中一個指標(biāo)的態(tài)度基本一致：極少有人希望保持現(xiàn)狀，在法國只有3%的受訪者持這種觀點(diǎn)，在美國只有12%。
受訪者對政府發(fā)起的員工就業(yè)和技能培訓(xùn)反響熱烈。其他很受歡迎的想法包括執(zhí)行貧困人群救助政策、修建更多公共住房和增加對窮人的政府補(bǔ)助等。
但受訪者對財(cái)富再分配政策的反響不一，包括對富人加稅和提供全民基本收入（UBI）等。
皮尤研究中心的報告稱：“在調(diào)查的所有政策中，政府提供全民基本收入的政策得到的支持率最低。”
這種由政府支持的收入保障網(wǎng)在英國得到的支持率最高，有一半的受訪者認(rèn)為該政策非常重要。德國和法國約40%的受訪者持同樣觀點(diǎn)，而美國只有33%。
對富人加稅在英國也得到了最高的支持率，有48%的受訪者表示該項(xiàng)政策非常重要。
在本次調(diào)查的四個國家中，意識形態(tài)上的“左翼”受訪者比“右翼”受訪者更有可能認(rèn)為對富人加稅非常重要。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）
翻譯：劉進(jìn)龍
審校：汪皓
一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示，在包括美國在內(nèi)的多個大型經(jīng)濟(jì)體，許多人要求改革經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，并提出了從對富人加稅到增強(qiáng)社會保障網(wǎng)等眾多訴求。
皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）在2020年秋末的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，法國對新經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的渴望最強(qiáng)烈，70%的受訪者呼吁徹底改革經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。在美國、英國和德國，約50%的受訪者認(rèn)為本國應(yīng)該大規(guī)模調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。
盡管具體政策措施仍然有分歧，但調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)受訪者對其中一個指標(biāo)的態(tài)度基本一致：極少有人希望保持現(xiàn)狀，在法國只有3%的受訪者持這種觀點(diǎn)，在美國只有12%。
受訪者對政府發(fā)起的員工就業(yè)和技能培訓(xùn)反響熱烈。其他很受歡迎的想法包括執(zhí)行貧困人群救助政策、修建更多公共住房和增加對窮人的政府補(bǔ)助等。
但受訪者對財(cái)富再分配政策的反響不一，包括對富人加稅和提供全民基本收入（UBI）等。
皮尤研究中心的報告稱：“在調(diào)查的所有政策中，政府提供全民基本收入的政策得到的支持率最低。”
這種由政府支持的收入保障網(wǎng)在英國得到的支持率最高，有一半的受訪者認(rèn)為該政策非常重要。德國和法國約40%的受訪者持同樣觀點(diǎn)，而美國只有33%。
對富人加稅在英國也得到了最高的支持率，有48%的受訪者表示該項(xiàng)政策非常重要。
在本次調(diào)查的四個國家中，意識形態(tài)上的“左翼”受訪者比“右翼”受訪者更有可能認(rèn)為對富人加稅非常重要。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）
翻譯：劉進(jìn)龍
審校：汪皓
Across some major economies, including the U.S., a new study suggests large numbers of people are clamoring for changes in the economic systems that shape the world they live in, from raising taxes on the wealthiest to strengthening the social safety net.
According to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in the late fall of 2020, the desire for a new economic system was the strongest in France, where 70% of those polled called for an outright shift. In the U.S., U.K. and Germany, around 50% of respondents held the view that their countries were due for major changes in economic policy.
However, while there were still divides on exact policy measures, the survey found respondents were largely united on one particular measure: very few people want things to stay as they are, ranging from 3% in France to 12% in the U.S.
Those polled responded warmly to the idea of government-sponsored job and skills training for workers. Other popular ideas included implementing policies targeted at helping those struggling financially, building more public housing, and increasing government benefits to the poor.
Policies aimed at wealth redistribution—raising taxes on the rich and providing a universal basic income (UBI) at the opposite end—drew mixed responses.
"The idea of a government-provided UBI received the least support in each of the four countries among the policies in the survey," Pew Research said.
The idea of a government-backed income safety net drew the highest support in the U.K., where half of respondents felt it was very important. About 40% of Germans and French felt the same, whereas only 33% of Americans did.
Taxing the rich also got the highest support in the U.K., where 48% of those polled said it is a very important consideration.
In each of the four countries surveyed, those on the ideological left are more likely than those on the right to say it is very important that the national government raise taxes on the wealthy.
