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“冷凍食品會傳播新冠病毒”,是謠言嗎?

“冷凍食品會傳播新冠病毒”,是謠言嗎?

巴益明(Eamon Barrett) 2020-08-17
上周,中國的相關部門又從巴西進口的雞翅包裝上發現了新冠病毒。

近幾個月來,一連串的報告都顯示,冷凍食品的運輸與新冠病毒的傳播存在種種聯系,不免引發了人們的擔憂。就在上周,中國的相關部門又從巴西進口的雞翅包裝上發現了新冠病毒。新西蘭方也還在調查,該國三個月前報告的首例本土患者是否與冷凍食品的進口有關。

《財富》雜志就這一問題采訪了香港大學公共衛生學院教授潘烈文(Leo Poon),他也對此給出了自己的答案:

《財富》:病毒通過食物傳播的風險有多大?

潘烈文教授:這一風險尚不明確。到目前為止,還沒有明確的書面證據表明,新冠病毒可以通過被感染的食物傳播。我們知道確實有一些病例很可疑,例如6月在北京新發地菜市場爆發的疫情——但食物本身就是傳染源嗎?我們不得而知。他們確實在那里發現了病毒,但也有可能,他們發現的只是早已滅活的病毒,只是污染了食品,不一定能傳染人。所以目前看來,也許確實有風險,但還沒有證據。而且與其他傳播途徑相比,食物帶來的風險要低得多。

有些食物會比其他食物的風險高嗎?

冷凍食品的風險更高。而像谷物這類食物的風險就不是很高,因為它們是在室溫下運輸的。而在室溫下,病毒只能在受污染的表面上存活幾天,因此,當谷物運到市場時,這些病毒應該就已經滅活了。

消費者可以采取哪些措施降低食品帶來的傳播風險?

對一般公眾來說,最好的辦法是保持良好的手部衛生,例如從市場上購買雞肉等生鮮食品后,勤洗手就有助于減少病毒傳播的風險。在家里,如果想要減少可能殘留在食物上的的病毒,可以用水沖洗生肉,然后在這些肉類食材處理好后,把手洗干凈。保持手部的衛生是最重要的。

烹飪食物能殺死新冠病毒嗎?

病毒對高溫非常敏感。如果加熱充分,即使食物中真的感染了病毒,在這種高溫下,病毒也應該早就被滅活了。我們通過測試發現,在70攝氏度或158華氏度的高溫環境中,新冠病毒只能存活5分鐘,之后就會失去傳染性。因此,煮熟的食物可以放心食用。

冷凍食品能殺死冠狀病毒嗎?

有證據表明,將新冠病毒置于冷凍環境中的話,它同樣可以在冷凍樣品中存活相當長的一段時間。

病毒喜歡低溫。我們曾經進行過實驗,在4攝氏度或39.2華氏度下,新冠病毒能存活至少兩周。在低于冰點的條件下,它的存活時間甚至可以更長。簡單來說,這種病毒喜冷怕熱。

有沒有證據表明,新冠病毒是通過攝入食物傳播的?

到目前為止,還沒有明確的證據顯示,人類會由于食用受病毒污染的食物而感染。確實可能存在這種風險,但尚未有人對此作出過適當的評估。而且,這種風險即使真的存在,也遠低于其他已知的傳播方式——例如通過咳嗽人傳人。(財富中文網)

編譯:陳聰聰

近幾個月來,一連串的報告都顯示,冷凍食品的運輸與新冠病毒的傳播存在種種聯系,不免引發了人們的擔憂。就在上周,中國的相關部門又從巴西進口的雞翅包裝上發現了新冠病毒。新西蘭方也還在調查,該國三個月前報告的首例本土患者是否與冷凍食品的進口有關。

《財富》雜志就這一問題采訪了香港大學公共衛生學院教授潘烈文(Leo Poon),他也對此給出了自己的答案:

《財富》:病毒通過食物傳播的風險有多大?

潘烈文教授:這一風險尚不明確。到目前為止,還沒有明確的書面證據表明,新冠病毒可以通過被感染的食物傳播。我們知道確實有一些病例很可疑,例如6月在北京新發地菜市場爆發的疫情——但食物本身就是傳染源嗎?我們不得而知。他們確實在那里發現了病毒,但也有可能,他們發現的只是早已滅活的病毒,只是污染了食品,不一定能傳染人。所以目前看來,也許確實有風險,但還沒有證據。而且與其他傳播途徑相比,食物帶來的風險要低得多。

有些食物會比其他食物的風險高嗎?

冷凍食品的風險更高。而像谷物這類食物的風險就不是很高,因為它們是在室溫下運輸的。而在室溫下,病毒只能在受污染的表面上存活幾天,因此,當谷物運到市場時,這些病毒應該就已經滅活了。

消費者可以采取哪些措施降低食品帶來的傳播風險?

對一般公眾來說,最好的辦法是保持良好的手部衛生,例如從市場上購買雞肉等生鮮食品后,勤洗手就有助于減少病毒傳播的風險。在家里,如果想要減少可能殘留在食物上的的病毒,可以用水沖洗生肉,然后在這些肉類食材處理好后,把手洗干凈。保持手部的衛生是最重要的。

烹飪食物能殺死新冠病毒嗎?

病毒對高溫非常敏感。如果加熱充分,即使食物中真的感染了病毒,在這種高溫下,病毒也應該早就被滅活了。我們通過測試發現,在70攝氏度或158華氏度的高溫環境中,新冠病毒只能存活5分鐘,之后就會失去傳染性。因此,煮熟的食物可以放心食用。

冷凍食品能殺死冠狀病毒嗎?

有證據表明,將新冠病毒置于冷凍環境中的話,它同樣可以在冷凍樣品中存活相當長的一段時間。

病毒喜歡低溫。我們曾經進行過實驗,在4攝氏度或39.2華氏度下,新冠病毒能存活至少兩周。在低于冰點的條件下,它的存活時間甚至可以更長。簡單來說,這種病毒喜冷怕熱。

有沒有證據表明,新冠病毒是通過攝入食物傳播的?

到目前為止,還沒有明確的證據顯示,人類會由于食用受病毒污染的食物而感染。確實可能存在這種風險,但尚未有人對此作出過適當的評估。而且,這種風險即使真的存在,也遠低于其他已知的傳播方式——例如通過咳嗽人傳人。(財富中文網)

編譯:陳聰聰

In recent months, a number of reports have associated frozen food shipments with the transmission of COVID-19. Just last week, authorities in China found COVID-19 on the packaging of chicken wings imported from Brazil. New Zealand is also investigating whether its first local coronavirus case in over three months was imported along with frozen food.

Hong Kong University's head of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, Professor Leo Poon, is an expert on novel coronaviruses and has served as a consultant for the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization. Fortune interviewed Poon about the risk of food transmitting COVID-19 to humans.

Fortune: How much of a transmission risk does food pose?

Professor Leo Poon: We don’t know whether there’s a risk or not. So far there’s no clear, documented evidence to show that COVID-19 can be transmitted by contaminated food. We know there are some suspicious cases, like the outbreak in a market in Beijing in June, but is the food itself a source for infection? We don’t know. They found evidence of the virus there, but it could have been traces of a dead virus that simply contaminated the food so, so far, there’s no evidence. There is a risk, but there’s no evidence, and compared to other means of transmission, the risk from food is much lower.

Are some foods riskier than others?

Frozen products are more a risk. Grains, for example, are not very risky because they are shipped at room temperature. At room temperature a virus can only survive on a contaminated surface for a few days so, by the time grains are shipped to the market, the virus should already be dead.

What steps can consumers take to lower the transmission risk posed by food?

For the general public, the best thing to do is try to maintain good hand hygiene. Washing hands might help to reduce the risk of transmission when buying, for example, chicken in the market. At home, consumers might like to wash raw meat with water to reduce the amount of virus [if any] on the food and then wash their hands once they’ve finished preparing the meat. Maintaining hand hygiene would be the upmost importance.

Does cooking food kill the coronavirus?

Viruses are very sensitive to heat. If you cook food properly then even if there’s a possibility of an infectious virus inside, it should be inactivated by the heat. In tests we’ve found that COVID-19 loses its infectious quality if submitted to a temperature of 70 C. or 158 F. for five minutes. So properly cooked food should be safe for eating.

Does freezing food kill the coronavirus?

If you freeze COVID-19, there’s some evidence to suggest it can survive in frozen samples for quite some period of time.

The virus likes the cold. We did an experiment in the past that showed the virus can survive at least two weeks at 4 C. or 39.2 F. At below freezing, it could survive even longer than that. The virus basically likes cold but not heat.

Is there any evidence the coronavirus is spread by ingesting food?

So far there’s no clear evidence to show humans can absorb the virus from consuming contaminated food. There is a risk but no one has assessed it properly yet. However, even so, the risk is much lower than other known transmission modes, such as human-to-human transmission through coughing.

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