哪些因素會讓人們愛上自己的工作？在就業市場中，最佳人才的桌上也許已經擺滿了來自競爭對手的入職邀請，所以弄明白這個問題已經變得越發迫切。當然，工資很重要，但在幾座上班族工作滿意度最高的城市，一些無形條件同樣發揮著作用。其中包括有挑戰性的工作、獨立工作的自由（事無巨細都要過問的管理者要注意了），以及鼓勵團隊成員提出想法并為其長期職業目標提供支持的領導。

這就是就業網站kununu（www.kununu.com）對其數據庫中87000多名打工族的觀點進行深入分析后得出的結論。聚焦于美國50座大都市的研究人員發現，得分最高的是下列10座城市：

1. 邁阿密，佛羅里達州

2. 洛杉磯，加利福尼亞州

3. 羅利，北卡羅來納州

4. 路易斯維爾，肯塔基州

5. 奧馬哈，內布拉斯加州

6. 圣何塞，加利福尼亞州

7. 薩克拉門托，加利福尼亞州

8. 俄克拉荷馬城，俄克拉荷馬州

9. 西雅圖，華盛頓州

10. 弗雷斯諾，加利福尼亞州

值得注意的是，得分最高的兩座城市在一定程度上是因為工作以外的整體生活質量，包括用人單位無法輕易復制的東西，比如當地絕妙的海灘和充足的日照。而且公司通常也不怎么能，或者說根本無法控制生活成本。但在上述10座城市中，多數城市（如羅利和奧馬哈）的工作滿意度在一定程度上看來都和唾手可得的平價住房有關，這極大地減輕了當地人的經濟負擔。高的離譜的生活成本是紐約市在kununu的50座城市排名中穩居末尾的原因之一。

盡管如此，kununu的一位董事約翰尼斯·普魯勒卻認為和在好上司手下干活相比，上述因素都顯得微不足道。他說：“我們都知道，人們進的是公司，離開則是因為他們的上司。”因此，想把最棒的、最聰明的人聚攏在自己周圍的領導者需要“創造一種下屬可以茁壯成長的支持性環境”。在kununu的50座城市榜單中，排名最低的10座城市中的“上班族在我們稱為‘領導支持’方面給的分數都不高”。

這就意味著要找時間來指導下屬，和他們探討績效目標并及時提供具體而有用的反饋，所有這些在普魯勒看來“都影響著員工對自身發展機遇的看法”。

了解了這一點后，下面讓我們來看看得分最低的10座城市：

41. 夏洛特，北卡羅來納州

42. 阿爾伯克基，新墨西哥州

43. 密爾沃基，威斯康星州

44. 科羅拉多斯普林斯，科羅拉多州

45. 埃爾帕索，得克薩斯州

46. 達拉斯，得克薩斯州

47. 休斯頓，得克薩斯州

48. 孟菲斯，得克薩斯州

49. 奧克蘭，加利福尼亞州

50. 紐約市，紐約州

有一個令人鼓舞的情況：kununu發現美國上班族對其工作的整體感覺看來多少要好于一年前。這在一定程度上是因為人們更普遍地重視團隊和協作。2018年年底，表示自己的“快樂得分達到平均水平”的人數比2017年多了12.3%。（財富中文網）

譯者：Charile

審校：夏林

What makes people love their jobs? It’s an increasingly urgent question in this job market, where your best talent may be besieged with rival offers. Sure, money matters but, in the cities where employees report the highest levels of job satisfaction, a few intangibles count, too. Among those are challenging work, freedom to work independently (micromanagers, take note), and leaders who encourage ideas from team members and lend support to their long-term career goals.

That’s what job site kununu concluded from a deep dive into its database of more than 87,000 employee reviews. Zeroing in on the 50 biggest metropolitan areas in the U.S., the researchers found that employers in these 10 cities earned the highest scores:

1. Miami, Fla.

2. Los Angeles, Calif.

3. Raleigh, N.C.

4. Louisville, Ky.

5. Omaha, Neb.

6. San Jose, Calif.

7. Sacramento, Calif.

8. Oklahoma City, Okla.

9. Seattle, Wash.

10. Fresno, Calif.

It’s worth noting that the top two towns got high marks, in part, for the overall quality of life outside of work, including things employers elsewhere can’t easily replicate, like great local beaches and plenty of sunshine. Nor do companies usually have much, if any, control over the cost of living. But job satisfaction in most of the Top Ten (Raleigh and Omaha, for instance) seems linked to some degree with the ready availability of affordable housing, which takes a load of financial pressure off the folks who live and work there. The stratospheric cost of living is one reason New York City came in dead last on kununu’s list of 50.

Even so, Johannes Prüller, a kununu director, believes those factors are far less essential to employee happiness than working for the right boss. “We all know that people join organizations but quit their managers,” he says. So leaders who hope their best and brightest will stick around need to “create a supportive environment where people can thrive.” The 10 lowest-ranked cities among kununu’s list of 50 “all lack decent employee ratings in a category we call ‘leadership support’.”

That means finding the time to coach subordinates, discussing their performance goals and giving specific, useful feedback in real time, all of which Prüller says “affects how employees view their opportunities for advancement.”

With that in mind, here are the 10 cities with the lowest scores:

41. Charlotte, N.C.

42. Albuquerque, N.M.

43. Milwaukee, Wis.

44. Colorado Springs, Co.

45. El Paso, Tex.

46. Dallas, Tex.

47. Houston, Tex.

48. Memphis, Tn.

49. Oakland, Calif.

50. New York, N.Y.

One encouraging note: kununu found that U.S. employees overall apparently feel somewhat better about their jobs than they did a year ago. Partly because of a more widespread emphasis on teamwork and collaboration, people in late 2018 reported “average happiness scores” that beat 2017’s numbers by 12.3%.