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企業(yè)高管可從奧運(yùn)會汲取的四點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)

奧運(yùn)會帶來了豐富的商業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

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體育運(yùn)動闡明了做人的真諦,尤其是競爭法則。這就是為什么奧運(yùn)會讓人無法抗拒。奧運(yùn)會其實(shí)就是企業(yè)競爭的縮影,運(yùn)動員像我們一樣,在限定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)內(nèi),與伙伴們一起為實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)而奮斗,而強(qiáng)大的對手則試圖從中阻撓。更妙的是,所有參加奧運(yùn)會的人幾乎都是超人。誰不想研究一下我們能從這一壯觀場面中汲取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)呢?

我們可從奧運(yùn)會中汲取以下四點(diǎn)商業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn):

98%還不夠好。公司喜歡宣稱自己的產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)和能力是世界一流的,但真的是這樣嗎?巴黎奧運(yùn)會表明,要想躋身世界頂尖行列,難度之大令人咋舌。以游泳比賽為例。在男子400米自由泳決賽中,德國選手盧卡斯?馬滕斯以3分41秒78的成績奪得金牌。韓國選手金宇敏以3分42秒50的成績獲得銅牌。金牌與無獎(jiǎng)牌之間的差距僅為0.3%。

再看女子四人雙槳決賽。賽道長度為2,000米,共有四條賽艇參賽。英國隊(duì)在前1,999米一直落后荷蘭隊(duì),但在最后一米反超荷蘭隊(duì),以0.15秒之差奪冠。德國隊(duì)獲得銅牌。金牌與無獎(jiǎng)牌之間的差距為0.9%。

許多企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都聲稱,他們的公司今年將“把金牌帶回家”。這很好。但請記住,許多優(yōu)秀選手參加了巴黎奧運(yùn)會,成績達(dá)到了頂尖選手的98%或99%,與頂尖選手不相上下,卻一無所獲。盡一切努力把金牌帶回家,但這何其艱難,千萬不要自欺欺人。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不斷提升。在1896年奧運(yùn)會上,希臘選手斯皮里頓?路易斯以2小時(shí)58分50秒的成績奪得馬拉松冠軍。如今,這個(gè)成績在高中田徑比賽中也只能算一般;目前的高中紀(jì)錄是2小時(shí)22分51秒。

1908年奧運(yùn)會后,“官員們幾乎禁止跳水運(yùn)動員翻騰兩周,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這種跳法很危險(xiǎn),人類根本無法控制,”人類表現(xiàn)權(quán)威專家安德斯?埃里克森這樣說道。如今,奧運(yùn)跳水運(yùn)動員很少僅翻騰兩周,因?yàn)檫@太容易了。

在巴黎奧運(yùn)會上,西蒙?拜爾斯是目前最杰出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提升者。她帶領(lǐng)美國女子體操隊(duì)奪得金牌,并贏得個(gè)人全能金牌,這在某種程度上是因?yàn)樗龀隽耸澜缟掀渌硕甲霾坏降膭幼鳌2恢栏偁帉κ中枰嚅L時(shí)間才能趕上。

企業(yè)競爭雖然與此大同小異,但這并不妨礙企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對此視而不見。微軟嘲笑蘋果的iPhone,因?yàn)樗玫氖怯|摸屏而不是鍵盤;而微軟自己的手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)也因此一蹶不振。MySpace的出現(xiàn)早于Facebook,但卻跟不上Facebook的創(chuàng)新步伐。柯達(dá)開創(chuàng)了數(shù)碼攝影的先河,但未能預(yù)見其最終的主導(dǎo)地位。

目光短淺的公司可以堅(jiān)持?jǐn)?shù)年,奧林匹克運(yùn)動員卻不行。稍有落后,就會被無情淘汰。這對企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是個(gè)警醒,但前提是他們敢于正視這一點(diǎn)。

團(tuán)隊(duì)有明星。在巴黎奧運(yùn)會上,拜爾斯和美國女子體操隊(duì)就是例證。在奧運(yùn)會上,明星風(fēng)采有目共睹,她將在未來的歲月里聲名遠(yuǎn)播,備受贊譽(yù)。而在公司,“明星”并不總能享有明星般待遇。一位經(jīng)理曾對我說:“這會擾亂團(tuán)隊(duì)。怎么能將一個(gè)人與另一個(gè)收入高出50%的人相提并論呢?”但這一推理存在很大的問題。

要想知道原因何在,看看職業(yè)運(yùn)動隊(duì)就知道了。在過去十年中,美國職業(yè)棒球大聯(lián)盟(Major League Baseball)的霸主是洛杉磯道奇隊(duì)(Los Angeles Dodgers)。泰勒?格拉斯諾是該隊(duì)年薪最高的球員之一,他是一名投手,平均年薪為2,730萬美元。另一名投手加文?斯通是道奇隊(duì)中收入最低的球員之一,平均年薪為74.25萬美元。兩個(gè)人做著同樣工作,一個(gè)人的薪水卻是另一個(gè)人的37倍。但不知為何,道奇隊(duì)的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神并沒有遭到破壞,恰恰相反。

每支運(yùn)動隊(duì)都有明星,而且隊(duì)里的每個(gè)人都知道他們是誰。許多企業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)卻試圖壓制這種現(xiàn)實(shí)。優(yōu)勝運(yùn)動隊(duì)——無論是職業(yè)隊(duì)還是奧運(yùn)隊(duì)——都接受這一現(xiàn)實(shí)。

團(tuán)隊(duì)優(yōu)秀并不代表全體隊(duì)員優(yōu)秀。在過去的奧運(yùn)會上,美國棒球隊(duì)和籃球隊(duì)在美國發(fā)明的運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目中被踐踏,自取其辱。在包括棒球比賽的六屆奧運(yùn)會上(1992—2008年及2020年),美國全明星球隊(duì)只贏過一次(2000年)。在2004年奧運(yùn)會上,美國籃球隊(duì)成員全部是NBA百萬富翁,但在決賽中卻不敵阿根廷和意大利,只獲得銅牌,其實(shí)在小組賽中,美國隊(duì)還輸給了波多黎各和立陶宛。在巴黎奧運(yùn)會上,如今的美國籃球隊(duì)目前看來實(shí)力強(qiáng)勁,季后賽在即。

在商界,夢之隊(duì)也會像在體育界的情況一樣遭遇失敗。想想美國長期資本管理公司(Long-Term Capital Management)吧,這家公司吸納了華爾街傳奇人物和諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主,但最終還是以失敗告終。

關(guān)于團(tuán)隊(duì)精神,可以回顧一下有史以來最鼓舞人心的美國奧運(yùn)代表隊(duì),即1980年在普萊西德湖擊敗蘇聯(lián)隊(duì)的冰球隊(duì)。當(dāng)時(shí),因?yàn)槁殬I(yè)球員不允許參賽,但蘇聯(lián)隊(duì)二三十歲球員的水平和職業(yè)球員不相上下。教練赫伯?布魯克斯不得不從美國各大高校挑選球員,他希望通過個(gè)人默契和高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練來組建一支球隊(duì)。在電影中,布魯克斯的助手看到教練的花名冊后提出異議,認(rèn)為他漏掉了許多國內(nèi)最優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)生球員。對此,布魯克斯給出了反夢之隊(duì)的基本理念:“我不是在尋找最好的球員,克雷格。我在尋找合適的球員。”

在奧運(yùn)會的熱鬧氛圍中,如果你也偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些深奧的道理,請不要感到驚訝。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:郝秀

審校:汪皓

體育運(yùn)動闡明了做人的真諦,尤其是競爭法則。這就是為什么奧運(yùn)會讓人無法抗拒。奧運(yùn)會其實(shí)就是企業(yè)競爭的縮影,運(yùn)動員像我們一樣,在限定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)內(nèi),與伙伴們一起為實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)而奮斗,而強(qiáng)大的對手則試圖從中阻撓。更妙的是,所有參加奧運(yùn)會的人幾乎都是超人。誰不想研究一下我們能從這一壯觀場面中汲取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)呢?

我們可從奧運(yùn)會中汲取以下四點(diǎn)商業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn):

98%還不夠好。公司喜歡宣稱自己的產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)和能力是世界一流的,但真的是這樣嗎?巴黎奧運(yùn)會表明,要想躋身世界頂尖行列,難度之大令人咋舌。以游泳比賽為例。在男子400米自由泳決賽中,德國選手盧卡斯?馬滕斯以3分41秒78的成績奪得金牌。韓國選手金宇敏以3分42秒50的成績獲得銅牌。金牌與無獎(jiǎng)牌之間的差距僅為0.3%。

再看女子四人雙槳決賽。賽道長度為2,000米,共有四條賽艇參賽。英國隊(duì)在前1,999米一直落后荷蘭隊(duì),但在最后一米反超荷蘭隊(duì),以0.15秒之差奪冠。德國隊(duì)獲得銅牌。金牌與無獎(jiǎng)牌之間的差距為0.9%。

許多企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都聲稱,他們的公司今年將“把金牌帶回家”。這很好。但請記住,許多優(yōu)秀選手參加了巴黎奧運(yùn)會,成績達(dá)到了頂尖選手的98%或99%,與頂尖選手不相上下,卻一無所獲。盡一切努力把金牌帶回家,但這何其艱難,千萬不要自欺欺人。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不斷提升。在1896年奧運(yùn)會上,希臘選手斯皮里頓?路易斯以2小時(shí)58分50秒的成績奪得馬拉松冠軍。如今,這個(gè)成績在高中田徑比賽中也只能算一般;目前的高中紀(jì)錄是2小時(shí)22分51秒。

1908年奧運(yùn)會后,“官員們幾乎禁止跳水運(yùn)動員翻騰兩周,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這種跳法很危險(xiǎn),人類根本無法控制,”人類表現(xiàn)權(quán)威專家安德斯?埃里克森這樣說道。如今,奧運(yùn)跳水運(yùn)動員很少僅翻騰兩周,因?yàn)檫@太容易了。

在巴黎奧運(yùn)會上,西蒙?拜爾斯是目前最杰出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提升者。她帶領(lǐng)美國女子體操隊(duì)奪得金牌,并贏得個(gè)人全能金牌,這在某種程度上是因?yàn)樗龀隽耸澜缟掀渌硕甲霾坏降膭幼鳌2恢栏偁帉κ中枰嚅L時(shí)間才能趕上。

企業(yè)競爭雖然與此大同小異,但這并不妨礙企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對此視而不見。微軟嘲笑蘋果的iPhone,因?yàn)樗玫氖怯|摸屏而不是鍵盤;而微軟自己的手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)也因此一蹶不振。MySpace的出現(xiàn)早于Facebook,但卻跟不上Facebook的創(chuàng)新步伐。柯達(dá)開創(chuàng)了數(shù)碼攝影的先河,但未能預(yù)見其最終的主導(dǎo)地位。

目光短淺的公司可以堅(jiān)持?jǐn)?shù)年,奧林匹克運(yùn)動員卻不行。稍有落后,就會被無情淘汰。這對企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是個(gè)警醒,但前提是他們敢于正視這一點(diǎn)。

團(tuán)隊(duì)有明星。在巴黎奧運(yùn)會上,拜爾斯和美國女子體操隊(duì)就是例證。在奧運(yùn)會上,明星風(fēng)采有目共睹,她將在未來的歲月里聲名遠(yuǎn)播,備受贊譽(yù)。而在公司,“明星”并不總能享有明星般待遇。一位經(jīng)理曾對我說:“這會擾亂團(tuán)隊(duì)。怎么能將一個(gè)人與另一個(gè)收入高出50%的人相提并論呢?”但這一推理存在很大的問題。

要想知道原因何在,看看職業(yè)運(yùn)動隊(duì)就知道了。在過去十年中,美國職業(yè)棒球大聯(lián)盟(Major League Baseball)的霸主是洛杉磯道奇隊(duì)(Los Angeles Dodgers)。泰勒?格拉斯諾是該隊(duì)年薪最高的球員之一,他是一名投手,平均年薪為2,730萬美元。另一名投手加文?斯通是道奇隊(duì)中收入最低的球員之一,平均年薪為74.25萬美元。兩個(gè)人做著同樣工作,一個(gè)人的薪水卻是另一個(gè)人的37倍。但不知為何,道奇隊(duì)的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神并沒有遭到破壞,恰恰相反。

每支運(yùn)動隊(duì)都有明星,而且隊(duì)里的每個(gè)人都知道他們是誰。許多企業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)卻試圖壓制這種現(xiàn)實(shí)。優(yōu)勝運(yùn)動隊(duì)——無論是職業(yè)隊(duì)還是奧運(yùn)隊(duì)——都接受這一現(xiàn)實(shí)。

團(tuán)隊(duì)優(yōu)秀并不代表全體隊(duì)員優(yōu)秀。在過去的奧運(yùn)會上,美國棒球隊(duì)和籃球隊(duì)在美國發(fā)明的運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目中被踐踏,自取其辱。在包括棒球比賽的六屆奧運(yùn)會上(1992—2008年及2020年),美國全明星球隊(duì)只贏過一次(2000年)。在2004年奧運(yùn)會上,美國籃球隊(duì)成員全部是NBA百萬富翁,但在決賽中卻不敵阿根廷和意大利,只獲得銅牌,其實(shí)在小組賽中,美國隊(duì)還輸給了波多黎各和立陶宛。在巴黎奧運(yùn)會上,如今的美國籃球隊(duì)目前看來實(shí)力強(qiáng)勁,季后賽在即。

在商界,夢之隊(duì)也會像在體育界的情況一樣遭遇失敗。想想美國長期資本管理公司(Long-Term Capital Management)吧,這家公司吸納了華爾街傳奇人物和諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主,但最終還是以失敗告終。

關(guān)于團(tuán)隊(duì)精神,可以回顧一下有史以來最鼓舞人心的美國奧運(yùn)代表隊(duì),即1980年在普萊西德湖擊敗蘇聯(lián)隊(duì)的冰球隊(duì)。當(dāng)時(shí),因?yàn)槁殬I(yè)球員不允許參賽,但蘇聯(lián)隊(duì)二三十歲球員的水平和職業(yè)球員不相上下。教練赫伯?布魯克斯不得不從美國各大高校挑選球員,他希望通過個(gè)人默契和高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練來組建一支球隊(duì)。在電影中,布魯克斯的助手看到教練的花名冊后提出異議,認(rèn)為他漏掉了許多國內(nèi)最優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)生球員。對此,布魯克斯給出了反夢之隊(duì)的基本理念:“我不是在尋找最好的球員,克雷格。我在尋找合適的球員。”

在奧運(yùn)會的熱鬧氛圍中,如果你也偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些深奧的道理,請不要感到驚訝。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:郝秀

審校:汪皓

Sports clarify the truths—especially the competitive truths—of being human. That’s why the Olympics are irresistible. In microcosm, within bounded place and time, people do what we do at work, teaming with comrades to reach goals while powerful opponents try to thwart us. Even better, all the people in the Olympics are practically superhuman. Who wouldn’t want to study the lessons we can distill from this spectacle?

So—four business lessons from the Olympics:

The 98th percentile isn’t good enough. Companies love to claim their products, services, and competencies are world class, but are they really? The Paris Olympics demonstrate how staggeringly difficult it is to be among the world’s very best. Consider swimming. In the men’s 400-meter freestyle, Germany’s Lukas Martens won the gold with a time of 3:41.78. South Korea’s Kim Woo-Min took the bronze with 3:42.50. The difference between gold medal and no medal was 0.3%.

Or consider the women’s quadruple sculls final—four-rower boats racing for 2,000 meters. The U.K. team trailed the Netherlands team for 1,999 meters, then pulled ahead on the final meter, winning by 0.15 seconds. Germany got the bronze. The difference between gold medal and no medal was 0.9%.

Many business leaders are claiming their companies will “bring home the gold” this year. That’s great, but remember that many excellent competitors went to the Paris Olympics and were 98% or 99% as good as the best—and brought home nothing. By all means try to bring home the gold, but don’t delude yourself about how hard it is.

Standards keep rising In the 1896 Olympics, a Greek runner named Spyridon Louis won the marathon with a time of 2:58:50 (two hours 58 minutes 50 seconds). Today that would be a ho-hum time at a high school track meet; the current high school record is 2:22:51.

After the 1908 Olympics, “officials almost prohibited the double somersault in dives because they believed these dives were dangerous, and no human would ever be able to control them,” said human performance authority Anders Ericsson. Today Olympic divers rarely do a double somersault because it’s too easy.

In Paris the preeminent standard-raiser now is Simone Biles, who led the U.S. women’s gymnastics team to a gold medal and won the individual all-around gold in part by doing moves that no one else in the world can do. There’s no telling how long it will take competitors to catch up.

The analogy to business is obvious, but that doesn’t stop business leaders from ignoring it. Microsoft ridiculed Apple’s iPhone because it introduced a touchscreen rather than a keyboard; Microsoft’s own phone business crashed and burned. MySpace predated Facebook but didn’t keep up with Facebook’s innovations. Kodak pioneered digital photography but couldn’t foresee its eventual dominance.

Myopic companies can hang on for years. Olympic athletes can’t. Those who fall behind even a little are eliminated ruthlessly—a reminder for business leaders, if they dare to see it.

Teams have stars Exhibit A in Paris is of course Biles and the U.S. women’s gymnastics team. In the Olympics, the stars are visible to everyone, and she will be famous and lauded for years to come. In companies, stars aren’t always treated like stars. A manager once told me, “It disrupts the team. How can you have one guy next to another guy who’s making 50% more?” But that reasoning is a big problem.

To see why, look at professional sports teams. The dominant team in Major League Baseball over the past decade is the Los Angeles Dodgers. One of its highest paid players, Tyler Glasnow, is a pitcher whose average annual pay is $27.3 million. Another pitcher, Gavin Stone, is one of the lowest paid Dodgers, with average annual pay of $742,500. Two guys with the same job, and one gets paid 37 times more than the other. Somehow the Dodgers’ team unity is not destroyed—quite the contrary.

Every team has stars, and everyone on the team knows who they are. Many corporate teams try to suppress that reality. Winning athletic teams—whether professional or in the Olympics—embrace it.

A great team is not the same as a group of great performers. In past Olympics, U.S. baseball and basketball teams humiliated themselves by getting trampled in sports that America invented. In the six Olympics that have included baseball (1992 – 2008 plus 2020), teams of U.S. all-stars won exactly once (2000). The 2004 U.S. Olympic basketball team, consisting entirely of NBA millionaires, finished third behind Argentina and Italy, and along the way lost to Puerto Rico and—wait for it—Lithuania. Today’s U.S. basketball team in Paris looks strong so far, with playoffs ahead.

Dream teams can fail in business just as in sports. Think of Long-Term Capital Management, a firm that included Wall Street legends and Nobel Prize-winning financial economists but still failed spectacularly.

For team-building wisdom, recall the most inspiring U.S. Olympic team ever, the 1980 hockey team that beat the Soviets at Lake Placid. Professional players weren’t eligible back then, though the Soviet players, in their 20s and 30s, were the equivalent of pros. Forced to choose from college players, coach Herb Brooks wanted to build a team on personal chemistry combined with extremely intensive practice. In the story’s movie version, Brooks’s assistant looks at the coach’s roster and objects that he has left out many of the country’s best college players. To which Brooks responds with the essential anti-Dream-Team philosophy: “I’m not lookin’ for the best players, Craig. I’m lookin’ for the right players.”

Amid all the excitement of the Olympics, don’t be surprised if you stumble upon a bit of profundity as well.

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