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科技行業(yè)對美國年輕人不再具有吸引力

Chloe Berger
2024-05-16

2024屆畢業(yè)生表明,Z世代正在逐漸逃離科技行業(yè)。

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圖片來源:SDI PRODUCTIONS—GETTY IMAGES

本月,備受追捧的科技工作時(shí)代將與2024屆畢業(yè)生一起謝幕。這些軟件工程師職位曾經(jīng)是千禧一代夢寐以求的,代表著一種更為輕松或有趣的工作方式,也是通往經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和舒適的途徑。但在硅谷已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了新的發(fā)展趨勢,人們都在追求商務(wù)休閑工作崗位,因此,Z世代正在收拾殘局。

畢業(yè)生們不再專注于爭奪光鮮亮麗的科技行業(yè)工作崗位,而是把目光投向了傳統(tǒng)的政府部門。這是大學(xué)生招聘公司Handshake最近對2,600多名學(xué)生進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查得出的結(jié)論。隨著科技行業(yè)工作崗位的減少,Z世代的興趣也在減弱,他們希望自己的職業(yè)前景不那么混亂。眾所周知,政府部門工作是招聘較為穩(wěn)定、且不受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退影響的領(lǐng)域之一。

年輕人正在緩慢但堅(jiān)定地改變關(guān)注點(diǎn)。今年,在2024屆畢業(yè)生中,只有21%的人申請科技公司崗位,而在2023年,這一比例為23%。對工作地點(diǎn)的興趣也表明了潮流的變化。據(jù)報(bào)道,紐約市和華盛頓特區(qū)正在成為更受歡迎的目的地,而對加利福尼亞州和得克薩斯州等著名科技中心的工作興趣卻大幅下降。

國會(huì)大廈更受歡迎并非巧合。Z世代沒有把目光投向西方,而是在尋求更多的政府部門工作崗位。Handshake發(fā)現(xiàn),向這一領(lǐng)域提交的求職申請數(shù)量從2023年的5.5%上升到2024年的7.4%。Handshake在2月的一份報(bào)告里發(fā)現(xiàn),實(shí)際上是未來的技術(shù)人員正在轉(zhuǎn)向這一行業(yè),因?yàn)樵?021年至2023年期間,向政府雇主遞交申請的科技專業(yè)學(xué)生數(shù)量增加了一倍多。

作為第一代在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)世界長大的人,Z世代是伴隨著蓬勃發(fā)展的科技社區(qū)而成長起來的。Handshake的首席教育戰(zhàn)略官克里斯汀·克魯茲維加拉對《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“2024屆畢業(yè)生是真正與科技行業(yè)一起成長起來的一代人,他們目睹了科技公司迅速擴(kuò)大規(guī)模、不斷創(chuàng)新,并推出了改變?nèi)藗內(nèi)粘I畹漠a(chǎn)品。”她補(bǔ)充道,這自然會(huì)影響他們的職業(yè)目標(biāo),讓他們對科技界產(chǎn)生了一種崇敬感,并認(rèn)為科技界有著“特殊的吸引力”。

應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生只是從最近的頭條新聞中得到了暗示。裁員、招聘凍結(jié),以及所謂的2010年代悠閑與協(xié)作的硅谷文化的改變,都把Z世代推向了其他領(lǐng)域。克魯茲維加拉解釋說,過去數(shù)年的動(dòng)蕩意味著“對很多學(xué)生來說,這種吸引力確實(shí)開始減弱”,因此許多人希望在政府、制造業(yè)和醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)找到更穩(wěn)定的工作。

由于受到經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)、新冠疫情以及科技行業(yè)最近一輪又一輪的裁員的影響,2024屆畢業(yè)生將優(yōu)先考慮穩(wěn)定性。76%的Handshake受訪者稱,工作穩(wěn)定性是Z世代求職時(shí)的首要考慮因素。據(jù)報(bào)道,超過三分之一的學(xué)生擔(dān)心無法償還學(xué)生貸款,半數(shù)學(xué)生擔(dān)心畢業(yè)后無法負(fù)擔(dān)基本生活必需品,因此,經(jīng)濟(jì)上的脆弱性進(jìn)一步加劇了他們對穩(wěn)定薪水的渴望。債務(wù)是這個(gè)階層的標(biāo)志;他們受貸款影響之大,讓克魯茲維加拉感到震驚。這一切都意味著潮流正在從太平洋西岸轉(zhuǎn)移,因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們無法承受加州科技工作的不穩(wěn)定性。

雖然許多人對自己的求職能力充滿信心,但有越來越多的畢業(yè)生對即將面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢感到悲觀。克魯茲維加拉指出,“2024屆畢業(yè)生已經(jīng)被證明是極其有韌性的群體”,他們?nèi)匀辉谂?jiān)持自己的價(jià)值觀。她形容這些年輕人“審慎樂觀”。

以不信任他人而聞名的這一代人卻想從政,這有些出人意料。根據(jù)2023年的蓋洛普(Gallup)民意調(diào)查,在所有機(jī)構(gòu)里,年輕人對總統(tǒng)、國會(huì)、新聞和科技公司的信任度最低。

被Axios稱為“失意一代”的2024屆畢業(yè)生在短短四年中就經(jīng)歷了一輪又一輪的不穩(wěn)定局面。誠然,在巴以沖突持續(xù)了八個(gè)月,造成3.5萬名巴勒斯坦人和1,500名以色列人死亡的情況下,他們的經(jīng)歷以校內(nèi)抗議,呼吁從以色列撤資而告終。緊張局勢愈演愈烈,哥倫比亞大學(xué)(Columbia University)成為焦點(diǎn),該校要求紐約警察局(New York Police Department)把和平抗議者趕出校園內(nèi)的“加沙團(tuán)結(jié)營地”,這違反了學(xué)校與師生之間的共同管理協(xié)議。

據(jù)《華爾街日報(bào)》(Wall Street Journal)報(bào)道,作為一個(gè)投票群體,他們比前幾代人更容易產(chǎn)生幻滅感。研究表明,Z世代是一個(gè)更傾向于自由主義的群體,由于民主黨候選人現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)喬·拜登在以色列和巴勒斯坦問題上的立場,他們開始放棄對其的支持。

也許Z世代正在進(jìn)入地方政治領(lǐng)域,或者希望幻滅促使他們從內(nèi)部推動(dòng)體制變革。那些追求政府工作崗位的人甚至可能不是對時(shí)事感到沮喪的人。無論如何,對Z世代而言,科技行業(yè)工作和谷歌(Google)球池似乎早已不復(fù)存在,取而代之的是總統(tǒng)辦公室。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

本月,備受追捧的科技工作時(shí)代將與2024屆畢業(yè)生一起謝幕。這些軟件工程師職位曾經(jīng)是千禧一代夢寐以求的,代表著一種更為輕松或有趣的工作方式,也是通往經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和舒適的途徑。但在硅谷已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了新的發(fā)展趨勢,人們都在追求商務(wù)休閑工作崗位,因此,Z世代正在收拾殘局。

畢業(yè)生們不再專注于爭奪光鮮亮麗的科技行業(yè)工作崗位,而是把目光投向了傳統(tǒng)的政府部門。這是大學(xué)生招聘公司Handshake最近對2,600多名學(xué)生進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查得出的結(jié)論。隨著科技行業(yè)工作崗位的減少,Z世代的興趣也在減弱,他們希望自己的職業(yè)前景不那么混亂。眾所周知,政府部門工作是招聘較為穩(wěn)定、且不受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退影響的領(lǐng)域之一。

年輕人正在緩慢但堅(jiān)定地改變關(guān)注點(diǎn)。今年,在2024屆畢業(yè)生中,只有21%的人申請科技公司崗位,而在2023年,這一比例為23%。對工作地點(diǎn)的興趣也表明了潮流的變化。據(jù)報(bào)道,紐約市和華盛頓特區(qū)正在成為更受歡迎的目的地,而對加利福尼亞州和得克薩斯州等著名科技中心的工作興趣卻大幅下降。

國會(huì)大廈更受歡迎并非巧合。Z世代沒有把目光投向西方,而是在尋求更多的政府部門工作崗位。Handshake發(fā)現(xiàn),向這一領(lǐng)域提交的求職申請數(shù)量從2023年的5.5%上升到2024年的7.4%。Handshake在2月的一份報(bào)告里發(fā)現(xiàn),實(shí)際上是未來的技術(shù)人員正在轉(zhuǎn)向這一行業(yè),因?yàn)樵?021年至2023年期間,向政府雇主遞交申請的科技專業(yè)學(xué)生數(shù)量增加了一倍多。

作為第一代在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)世界長大的人,Z世代是伴隨著蓬勃發(fā)展的科技社區(qū)而成長起來的。Handshake的首席教育戰(zhàn)略官克里斯汀·克魯茲維加拉對《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“2024屆畢業(yè)生是真正與科技行業(yè)一起成長起來的一代人,他們目睹了科技公司迅速擴(kuò)大規(guī)模、不斷創(chuàng)新,并推出了改變?nèi)藗內(nèi)粘I畹漠a(chǎn)品。”她補(bǔ)充道,這自然會(huì)影響他們的職業(yè)目標(biāo),讓他們對科技界產(chǎn)生了一種崇敬感,并認(rèn)為科技界有著“特殊的吸引力”。

應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生只是從最近的頭條新聞中得到了暗示。裁員、招聘凍結(jié),以及所謂的2010年代悠閑與協(xié)作的硅谷文化的改變,都把Z世代推向了其他領(lǐng)域。克魯茲維加拉解釋說,過去數(shù)年的動(dòng)蕩意味著“對很多學(xué)生來說,這種吸引力確實(shí)開始減弱”,因此許多人希望在政府、制造業(yè)和醫(yī)療保健行業(yè)找到更穩(wěn)定的工作。

由于受到經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)、新冠疫情以及科技行業(yè)最近一輪又一輪的裁員的影響,2024屆畢業(yè)生將優(yōu)先考慮穩(wěn)定性。76%的Handshake受訪者稱,工作穩(wěn)定性是Z世代求職時(shí)的首要考慮因素。據(jù)報(bào)道,超過三分之一的學(xué)生擔(dān)心無法償還學(xué)生貸款,半數(shù)學(xué)生擔(dān)心畢業(yè)后無法負(fù)擔(dān)基本生活必需品,因此,經(jīng)濟(jì)上的脆弱性進(jìn)一步加劇了他們對穩(wěn)定薪水的渴望。債務(wù)是這個(gè)階層的標(biāo)志;他們受貸款影響之大,讓克魯茲維加拉感到震驚。這一切都意味著潮流正在從太平洋西岸轉(zhuǎn)移,因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們無法承受加州科技工作的不穩(wěn)定性。

雖然許多人對自己的求職能力充滿信心,但有越來越多的畢業(yè)生對即將面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢感到悲觀。克魯茲維加拉指出,“2024屆畢業(yè)生已經(jīng)被證明是極其有韌性的群體”,他們?nèi)匀辉谂?jiān)持自己的價(jià)值觀。她形容這些年輕人“審慎樂觀”。

以不信任他人而聞名的這一代人卻想從政,這有些出人意料。根據(jù)2023年的蓋洛普(Gallup)民意調(diào)查,在所有機(jī)構(gòu)里,年輕人對總統(tǒng)、國會(huì)、新聞和科技公司的信任度最低。

被Axios稱為“失意一代”的2024屆畢業(yè)生在短短四年中就經(jīng)歷了一輪又一輪的不穩(wěn)定局面。誠然,在巴以沖突持續(xù)了八個(gè)月,造成3.5萬名巴勒斯坦人和1,500名以色列人死亡的情況下,他們的經(jīng)歷以校內(nèi)抗議,呼吁從以色列撤資而告終。緊張局勢愈演愈烈,哥倫比亞大學(xué)(Columbia University)成為焦點(diǎn),該校要求紐約警察局(New York Police Department)把和平抗議者趕出校園內(nèi)的“加沙團(tuán)結(jié)營地”,這違反了學(xué)校與師生之間的共同管理協(xié)議。

據(jù)《華爾街日報(bào)》(Wall Street Journal)報(bào)道,作為一個(gè)投票群體,他們比前幾代人更容易產(chǎn)生幻滅感。研究表明,Z世代是一個(gè)更傾向于自由主義的群體,由于民主黨候選人現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)喬·拜登在以色列和巴勒斯坦問題上的立場,他們開始放棄對其的支持。

也許Z世代正在進(jìn)入地方政治領(lǐng)域,或者希望幻滅促使他們從內(nèi)部推動(dòng)體制變革。那些追求政府工作崗位的人甚至可能不是對時(shí)事感到沮喪的人。無論如何,對Z世代而言,科技行業(yè)工作和谷歌(Google)球池似乎早已不復(fù)存在,取而代之的是總統(tǒng)辦公室。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

This month, the era of the highly coveted tech job is graduating alongside the class of 2024. These software engineer roles were what Millennial dreams were made of, representing a more relaxed or fun style of work as well as a pathway to financial stability and comfort. But the other shoe—a business casual sneaker—has dropped on Silicon Valley and Gen Zers are picking up the pieces.

The graduating class is less focused on nabbing that shiny tech gig, and instead looking to the ol’ trusty field of of government jobs. So shows a recent survey of more than 2,600 students from Handshake, an undergraduate recruitment company. As tech jobs dwindle, interest is waning for Gen Zers who seek less chaos in their career prospects. And government jobs are known for being one of the more consistently hiring and recession-proof fields.

Young adults are slowly but surely turning their heads. Only 21% of applications from the class of 2024 were submitted to a tech company this year, compared to 23% in 2023. Location interest also points to a changing of the tides. While New York City and Washington, D.C. reportedly are becoming more popular destinations, interest in jobs in the famed tech hubs of California and Texas has significantly decreased.

It’s no coincidence that the Capitol is trending more. Instead of looking west, Gen Zers are seeking more government jobs. Handshake finds that the number of job applications submitted to this sector went from 5.5% in 2023, to 7.4% in 2024. A previous Handshake report from February found that it’s actually prospective techies who are turning to this sector, as the number of tech majors’ applying to government employers more than doubled between 2021 and 2023.

As the first generation to lack memories of a world without the internet, Gen Z came of age alongside a burgeoning tech community. “The class of 2024 really grew up with the tech industry, watching companies rapidly scale, innovate, and introduce products that transformed their day-to-day lives,” Christine Cruzvergara, chief education strategy officer at Handshake, tells Fortune. Naturally, that informed their career goals, granting a sense of esteem and “a special allure,” to the tech world, she adds.

New grads are simply taking a hint from recent headlines. Layoffs, hiring freezes, and a change in the purported more 2010s era of laidback and collaborative Silicon Valley culture, all push Gen Zers towards other fields. The upheaval of the past couple of years meant “that attraction really began to fade for a lot of students,” explains Cruzvergara, adding that many looked to more stable jobs within government, manufacturing, and healthcare as a result.

Informed by economic volatility, the pandemic, and rounds of recent layoffs in the tech world—the class of 2024 is prioritizing consistency. Job stability is the top consideration for these Gen Zers when applying for work, among 76% of Handshake respondents. Their desire for a stable paycheck is further fueled by their financial vulnerability, as more than a third of students are reportedly concerned about paying down their student loans, and half of students are worried about affording basic necessities post-graduation. Debt is a marker of this class; how much this group was impacted by their loans was striking to Cruzvergara. That all means the tides are shifting from the Pacific, as students can’t afford to weather the instability of a California tech gig

While many are confident in their ability to find a job, a growing number of graduates are feeling pessimistic about the economy they’re entering. Noting that “the class of 2024 has proven to be an incredibly resilient group,” Cruzvergara says that they’re still trying to stick to their values. She describes these young adults as “cautiously optimistic.”

It is a little surprising that the generation famously distrustful of the man is looking to join politics. Of the institutions surveyed, young adults have the lowest level of faith in the president, Congress, and news and tech companies, according to a 2023 Gallup poll.

Called the “bummer generation,” by Axios, the class of 2024 has gone through cycles of instability within just four years. Of course, their experience was capped off by on-campus protests regarding the call to divest from Israel amidst a war in Palestine that has carried on for eight months and killed 35,000 Palestinians and 1,500 Israelis. Tensions mounted, as Columbia University took center-stage when the school called the New York Police Department on its student body to remove peaceful protestors from encampments on campus, in violation of the school’s own shared governance agreement with students and faculty.

As a voting block, they’re marked by disillusionment more than prior generations, per the Wall Street Journal. As studies show they’re a more liberal-leaning group, Gen Zers have started to back away from the Democratic Party candidate, President Biden, due to his stance on Israel and Palestine.

Perhaps Gen Z is entering local politics or this disenchantment has motivated them to push the system from within. Those pursuing government jobs might not even be the ones who are feeling so blue about current affairs. Either way, it seems as if tech jobs and Google ball pits are long gone for Gen Z and in its place is the Oval Office.

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