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為了解決糧食危機(jī),這個(gè)國家開始實(shí)行四天工作制

TRISTAN BOVE
2022-06-19

斯里蘭卡正設(shè)法應(yīng)對(duì)迫在眉睫的食品和燃料危機(jī)。

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縮短每周工作時(shí)間的實(shí)驗(yàn)在全球范圍內(nèi)興起,倡導(dǎo)者認(rèn)為每周工作四天而不是五天可以提高工作效率和員工滿意度。

但在斯里蘭卡,每周4天工作制卻有著不同的含義,這是因?yàn)樵搰O(shè)法應(yīng)對(duì)迫在眉睫的食品和燃料危機(jī)。

據(jù)一份政府新聞稿稱,上周二,斯里蘭卡內(nèi)閣宣布計(jì)劃在全國實(shí)行每周4天工作制。該政策將允許全國100多萬名公職人員在接下來的三個(gè)月內(nèi)每周五休假。

但政府工作人員將無法在延長的周末偷懶了,因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)政策還附帶了一個(gè)重要條件——公職人員預(yù)計(jì)將在周五從事農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng),以幫助國家增加糧食供應(yīng)。

該新聞稿稱,工作人員將利用休假時(shí)間“在自家后院或其他地方從事農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng),以解決未來可能出現(xiàn)的糧食短缺問題”。政府計(jì)劃為官員們提供“必要的工具”,讓他們能夠在任何可以種植農(nóng)作物的地方種植農(nóng)作物。官員們還指出,燃料短缺已經(jīng)“擾亂了客運(yùn)”,而每周工作時(shí)間的減少將有助于減少燃料的使用。

該政策條款反映了斯里蘭卡目前嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢,該國即將面臨災(zāi)難性的食品和燃料短缺。

斯里蘭卡陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)螺旋

由于俄烏沖突限制了全球食品和燃料的供應(yīng),并導(dǎo)致食品和燃料的價(jià)格飆升,事實(shí)證明,斯里蘭卡是世界上最易受到通貨膨脹影響的國家之一。

目前,主要受食品和燃料價(jià)格上漲的影響,斯里蘭卡的年通貨膨脹率高達(dá)39%。食品價(jià)格比去年高出57.4%,包括柴油、汽油和公交費(fèi)用在內(nèi)的交通運(yùn)輸價(jià)格上漲了91.5%。

由于燃料供應(yīng)緊張和油價(jià)高漲,每天停電時(shí)間長達(dá)15個(gè)小時(shí),加油站排隊(duì)時(shí)間一度超過10個(gè)小時(shí)。3月,兩名患有疾病的男子在異常高溫的天氣下在加油站排隊(duì)數(shù)小時(shí)后死亡。

但斯里蘭卡的情況是如何變得如此糟糕的呢?

這個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題早在通貨膨脹開始席卷全球市場之前就開始了。斯里蘭卡在過去20年里一直存在貿(mào)易逆差,進(jìn)口遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過出口。專家批評(píng)政府多年來的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理不善,為該國目前的困境創(chuàng)造了理想條件。

斯里蘭卡多年來累積了巨額進(jìn)口賬單,這些賬單通常通過外匯儲(chǔ)備來償還。但在疫情重創(chuàng)旅游業(yè)后——旅游業(yè)在2018年占該國GDP的近6%——斯里蘭卡的外匯儲(chǔ)備創(chuàng)歷史新低,迫使該國在5月拖欠債務(wù)。

無力支付進(jìn)口費(fèi)用,再加上全球供應(yīng)減少以及能源和食品價(jià)格高漲,使斯里蘭卡陷入了70年來最嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),并引發(fā)了該國數(shù)月的抗議活動(dòng)。

在斯里蘭卡宣布實(shí)行每周4天工作制計(jì)劃之際,該國宣布實(shí)行燃料配給,并公開呼吁農(nóng)民增加產(chǎn)量。

斯里蘭卡官員可能從巴基斯坦上周提出的減少每周工作時(shí)間的類似提案中得到了啟發(fā),巴基斯坦政府宣布將把每周6天的工作時(shí)間縮短為5天,以應(yīng)對(duì)燃料短缺問題。

這并不能構(gòu)成鮮明的對(duì)比,因?yàn)閿?shù)月的政治不穩(wěn)定、迫在眉睫的債務(wù)危機(jī),以及拖欠債務(wù)帶來的威脅,導(dǎo)致一些專家警告說,巴基斯坦可能會(huì)陷入與目前困擾斯里蘭卡的經(jīng)濟(jì)螺旋一樣嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)螺旋。 (財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

縮短每周工作時(shí)間的實(shí)驗(yàn)在全球范圍內(nèi)興起,倡導(dǎo)者認(rèn)為每周工作四天而不是五天可以提高工作效率和員工滿意度。

但在斯里蘭卡,每周4天工作制卻有著不同的含義,這是因?yàn)樵搰O(shè)法應(yīng)對(duì)迫在眉睫的食品和燃料危機(jī)。

據(jù)一份政府新聞稿稱,上周二,斯里蘭卡內(nèi)閣宣布計(jì)劃在全國實(shí)行每周4天工作制。該政策將允許全國100多萬名公職人員在接下來的三個(gè)月內(nèi)每周五休假。

但政府工作人員將無法在延長的周末偷懶了,因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)政策還附帶了一個(gè)重要條件——公職人員預(yù)計(jì)將在周五從事農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng),以幫助國家增加糧食供應(yīng)。

該新聞稿稱,工作人員將利用休假時(shí)間“在自家后院或其他地方從事農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng),以解決未來可能出現(xiàn)的糧食短缺問題”。政府計(jì)劃為官員們提供“必要的工具”,讓他們能夠在任何可以種植農(nóng)作物的地方種植農(nóng)作物。官員們還指出,燃料短缺已經(jīng)“擾亂了客運(yùn)”,而每周工作時(shí)間的減少將有助于減少燃料的使用。

該政策條款反映了斯里蘭卡目前嚴(yán)峻的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢,該國即將面臨災(zāi)難性的食品和燃料短缺。

斯里蘭卡陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)螺旋

由于俄烏沖突限制了全球食品和燃料的供應(yīng),并導(dǎo)致食品和燃料的價(jià)格飆升,事實(shí)證明,斯里蘭卡是世界上最易受到通貨膨脹影響的國家之一。

目前,主要受食品和燃料價(jià)格上漲的影響,斯里蘭卡的年通貨膨脹率高達(dá)39%。食品價(jià)格比去年高出57.4%,包括柴油、汽油和公交費(fèi)用在內(nèi)的交通運(yùn)輸價(jià)格上漲了91.5%。

由于燃料供應(yīng)緊張和油價(jià)高漲,每天停電時(shí)間長達(dá)15個(gè)小時(shí),加油站排隊(duì)時(shí)間一度超過10個(gè)小時(shí)。3月,兩名患有疾病的男子在異常高溫的天氣下在加油站排隊(duì)數(shù)小時(shí)后死亡。

但斯里蘭卡的情況是如何變得如此糟糕的呢?

這個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題早在通貨膨脹開始席卷全球市場之前就開始了。斯里蘭卡在過去20年里一直存在貿(mào)易逆差,進(jìn)口遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過出口。專家批評(píng)政府多年來的經(jīng)濟(jì)管理不善,為該國目前的困境創(chuàng)造了理想條件。

斯里蘭卡多年來累積了巨額進(jìn)口賬單,這些賬單通常通過外匯儲(chǔ)備來償還。但在疫情重創(chuàng)旅游業(yè)后——旅游業(yè)在2018年占該國GDP的近6%——斯里蘭卡的外匯儲(chǔ)備創(chuàng)歷史新低,迫使該國在5月拖欠債務(wù)。

無力支付進(jìn)口費(fèi)用,再加上全球供應(yīng)減少以及能源和食品價(jià)格高漲,使斯里蘭卡陷入了70年來最嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),并引發(fā)了該國數(shù)月的抗議活動(dòng)。

在斯里蘭卡宣布實(shí)行每周4天工作制計(jì)劃之際,該國宣布實(shí)行燃料配給,并公開呼吁農(nóng)民增加產(chǎn)量。

斯里蘭卡官員可能從巴基斯坦上周提出的減少每周工作時(shí)間的類似提案中得到了啟發(fā),巴基斯坦政府宣布將把每周6天的工作時(shí)間縮短為5天,以應(yīng)對(duì)燃料短缺問題。

這并不能構(gòu)成鮮明的對(duì)比,因?yàn)閿?shù)月的政治不穩(wěn)定、迫在眉睫的債務(wù)危機(jī),以及拖欠債務(wù)帶來的威脅,導(dǎo)致一些專家警告說,巴基斯坦可能會(huì)陷入與目前困擾斯里蘭卡的經(jīng)濟(jì)螺旋一樣嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)螺旋。 (財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

Shortened workweek experiments are gaining steam worldwide, with advocates contending that working four days a week instead of five can boost productivity and employee satisfaction.

But the four-day workweek idea is taking on a different meaning in Sri Lanka, as the country tries to fend off a looming food and fuel crisis.

On Tuesday the Sri Lankan Cabinet announced plans to implement a four-day workweek in the country, according to a government press release. The policy will grant the more than 1 million public employees in the country leave from their official duties every Friday for the next three months.

But government workers won’t be able to spend their longer weekends slacking off, as the policy comes with an important catch—public employees are expected to spend their Fridays farming to help the country increase its food supply.

Workers are expected to use their days off to “engage in agricultural activities in their backyards or elsewhere as a solution to the food shortage that is expected to occur in the future,” the press release read. The government is planning on providing officials with the “necessary facilities” to grow crops wherever they can. Officials also noted that a fuel shortage has “disrupted passenger transport,” and a reduced workweek will help reduce fuel use.

The policy’s terms capture the dire economic conditions in Sri Lanka right now, as the country is poised to face a catastrophic food and fuel shortage.

Sri Lanka’s economic spiral

As the Ukraine war limits global supply of food and fuel—and sends prices for both soaring—Sri Lanka is proving to be one of the world’s most vulnerable countries to inflation.

The annual inflation rate in Sri Lanka is currently a brutal 39%, primarily spurred by food and fuel costs. Food prices are now 57.4% higher than last year, and transport prices—which include diesel, petrol, and bus fare costs—are up 91.5%.

Constrained fuel supply and high prices have led to power outages lasting as long as 15 hours a day and people waiting in lines at gas stations for over 10 hours at a time. In March, two men with medical conditions died while queuing up at fuel pumps for hours under unusually hot temperatures.

But just how did it get so bad in Sri Lanka?

The country’s economic problems started long before inflation began roiling global markets. Sri Lanka has been running a trade deficit for the past 20 years, importing significantly more than it exported. Experts have criticized the government for years of economic mismanagement that created ideal conditions for the country’s current woes.

The country has run up a large import bill over the years, which Sri Lanka normally pays off through its foreign reserves. But after the pandemic decimated the tourism industry—which accounted for nearly 6% of the country’s GDP in 2018—Sri Lanka’s foreign reserves hit a record low, forcing the country to default on its debt in May.

An inability to pay for foreign imports, combined with curtailed global supply and high energy and food prices, has sent Sri Lanka spiraling into its worst economic crisis in 70 years, which has led to months of protests in the country.

Sri Lanka’s four-day workweek plan comes as the country announced rationing of fuel supplies and made public calls for farmers to increase production.

Sri Lankan officials may have taken inspiration from a similar reduced workweek proposal made in Pakistan last week, when the government announced it would shorten its official six-day workweek to five days to fend off fuel shortages.

It isn’t necessarily a glowing comparison, as months of political instability and a looming debt crisis, as well as the threat of default, have led some experts to warn that Pakistan could be on track for an economic spiral of the same magnitude as the one currently afflicting Sri Lanka.

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