總部位于英國(guó)的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)樂(lè)施會(huì)(Oxfam)最新發(fā)布了全球不平等報(bào)告,報(bào)告顯示,在新冠疫情期間,全球最富有的10個(gè)人的財(cái)富總和增長(zhǎng)了一倍多,從7000億美元增加到了1.5萬(wàn)億美元。報(bào)告指出,“如果把十大億萬(wàn)富翁的財(cái)富換成美元大鈔堆成山,富翁們坐在鈔票山頂上,距離月球差不多只剩一半路。”
每年在達(dá)沃斯舉辦的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇(World Economic Forum)召開(kāi)時(shí),樂(lè)施會(huì)都會(huì)發(fā)布一份不平等報(bào)告。受新冠疫情影響,2022年達(dá)沃斯論壇延遲到1月17日開(kāi)始。今年的報(bào)告對(duì)比了最富有億萬(wàn)富翁的巨額收益與99%的人遭受的損失。
對(duì)比結(jié)果顯示,在新冠疫情期間,一些億萬(wàn)富翁的財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)格外明顯,即使在富豪圈里也很突出。特斯拉(Tesla)和SpaceX的首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克的財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)了約1000%,目前約為2700億美元。谷歌(Google)的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人拉里·佩奇和謝爾蓋·布林的財(cái)富都增長(zhǎng)了125%。
樂(lè)施會(huì)表示,總的來(lái)說(shuō),在新冠疫情持續(xù)的兩年里,全球2755位億萬(wàn)富翁比過(guò)去14年繁榮時(shí)期更加富有。
迪斯尼家族的紀(jì)錄片導(dǎo)演、一直主張征收財(cái)富稅的阿比蓋爾·迪斯尼在報(bào)告前言中寫(xiě)道:“新冠病毒剛開(kāi)始爆發(fā)時(shí),我和很多天真的人們認(rèn)為,也許,只能說(shuō)也許,之前赤裸裸暴露的極不公正和殘忍的結(jié)構(gòu)可以喚醒人們,讓人有能量重新思考資源分配。然而現(xiàn)實(shí)正好相反?!?/p>
樂(lè)施會(huì)在研究中強(qiáng)調(diào)了南半球婦女和兒童的經(jīng)濟(jì)困境,稱(chēng)南半球婦女兒童財(cái)富加起來(lái)還比不上252名最富有男性的財(cái)產(chǎn)。報(bào)告指出:“收入最高的1%人群掌握的全球財(cái)富是收入最低的50%人群的近20倍?!眻?bào)告還補(bǔ)充道:“即使收入最高的10個(gè)人總財(cái)富損失99.999%,每個(gè)人仍然比世界上99%的人更富有?!?/p>
樂(lè)施會(huì)的調(diào)查方法值得關(guān)注,因?yàn)榻陙?lái)有些方法遭到了批評(píng):最富有的1%人口和“最底層的50%人口”之間的比較是基于瑞士信貸(Credit Suisse)的數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)將債務(wù)考慮在內(nèi),意味著如果富裕的年輕人背負(fù)大量學(xué)生貸款,會(huì)視為相對(duì)貧窮。樂(lè)施會(huì)此前曾經(jīng)為這種分析方法辯護(hù),稱(chēng)對(duì)解決不平等問(wèn)題影響不大。
除此之外,超級(jí)富豪的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自《福布斯》億萬(wàn)富豪排行榜(Forbes Billionaires List,本次全球不公平報(bào)告引用了2021年11月底的數(shù)據(jù)),并與2020年3月同一批人的財(cái)富進(jìn)行了比較,同時(shí)考慮了通脹因素,而底層99%人群的財(cái)富狀況惡化的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自世界銀行(World Bank)。
樂(lè)施會(huì)敦促各國(guó)政府應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情的同時(shí),解決經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略中的不平等問(wèn)題,并采取以下措施:一次性的團(tuán)結(jié)稅;對(duì)資本和財(cái)富征收累進(jìn)稅;全民醫(yī)療和收入保障;為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候危機(jī)提供資金;投資女性權(quán)利;以及放棄知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)規(guī)則,幫助貧窮國(guó)家,為人民接種疫苗。
報(bào)告稱(chēng):“為適應(yīng)21世紀(jì),各國(guó)政府必須圍繞建設(shè)更平等社會(huì)制定經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略。這意味著爭(zhēng)取經(jīng)濟(jì)更平等,以及追求性別和種族平等,而且必須有明確的、有時(shí)限和可衡量的目標(biāo)支撐?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
總部位于英國(guó)的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)樂(lè)施會(huì)(Oxfam)最新發(fā)布了全球不平等報(bào)告,報(bào)告顯示,在新冠疫情期間,全球最富有的10個(gè)人的財(cái)富總和增長(zhǎng)了一倍多,從7000億美元增加到了1.5萬(wàn)億美元。報(bào)告指出,“如果把十大億萬(wàn)富翁的財(cái)富換成美元大鈔堆成山,富翁們坐在鈔票山頂上,距離月球差不多只剩一半路。”
每年在達(dá)沃斯舉辦的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇(World Economic Forum)召開(kāi)時(shí),樂(lè)施會(huì)都會(huì)發(fā)布一份不平等報(bào)告。受新冠疫情影響,2022年達(dá)沃斯論壇延遲到1月17日開(kāi)始。今年的報(bào)告對(duì)比了最富有億萬(wàn)富翁的巨額收益與99%的人遭受的損失。
對(duì)比結(jié)果顯示,在新冠疫情期間,一些億萬(wàn)富翁的財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)格外明顯,即使在富豪圈里也很突出。特斯拉(Tesla)和SpaceX的首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克的財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)了約1000%,目前約為2700億美元。谷歌(Google)的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人拉里·佩奇和謝爾蓋·布林的財(cái)富都增長(zhǎng)了125%。
樂(lè)施會(huì)表示,總的來(lái)說(shuō),在新冠疫情持續(xù)的兩年里,全球2755位億萬(wàn)富翁比過(guò)去14年繁榮時(shí)期更加富有。
迪斯尼家族的紀(jì)錄片導(dǎo)演、一直主張征收財(cái)富稅的阿比蓋爾·迪斯尼在報(bào)告前言中寫(xiě)道:“新冠病毒剛開(kāi)始爆發(fā)時(shí),我和很多天真的人們認(rèn)為,也許,只能說(shuō)也許,之前赤裸裸暴露的極不公正和殘忍的結(jié)構(gòu)可以喚醒人們,讓人有能量重新思考資源分配。然而現(xiàn)實(shí)正好相反。”
樂(lè)施會(huì)在研究中強(qiáng)調(diào)了南半球婦女和兒童的經(jīng)濟(jì)困境,稱(chēng)南半球婦女兒童財(cái)富加起來(lái)還比不上252名最富有男性的財(cái)產(chǎn)。報(bào)告指出:“收入最高的1%人群掌握的全球財(cái)富是收入最低的50%人群的近20倍?!眻?bào)告還補(bǔ)充道:“即使收入最高的10個(gè)人總財(cái)富損失99.999%,每個(gè)人仍然比世界上99%的人更富有。”
樂(lè)施會(huì)的調(diào)查方法值得關(guān)注,因?yàn)榻陙?lái)有些方法遭到了批評(píng):最富有的1%人口和“最底層的50%人口”之間的比較是基于瑞士信貸(Credit Suisse)的數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)將債務(wù)考慮在內(nèi),意味著如果富裕的年輕人背負(fù)大量學(xué)生貸款,會(huì)視為相對(duì)貧窮。樂(lè)施會(huì)此前曾經(jīng)為這種分析方法辯護(hù),稱(chēng)對(duì)解決不平等問(wèn)題影響不大。
除此之外,超級(jí)富豪的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自《福布斯》億萬(wàn)富豪排行榜(Forbes Billionaires List,本次全球不公平報(bào)告引用了2021年11月底的數(shù)據(jù)),并與2020年3月同一批人的財(cái)富進(jìn)行了比較,同時(shí)考慮了通脹因素,而底層99%人群的財(cái)富狀況惡化的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自世界銀行(World Bank)。
樂(lè)施會(huì)敦促各國(guó)政府應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情的同時(shí),解決經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略中的不平等問(wèn)題,并采取以下措施:一次性的團(tuán)結(jié)稅;對(duì)資本和財(cái)富征收累進(jìn)稅;全民醫(yī)療和收入保障;為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候危機(jī)提供資金;投資女性權(quán)利;以及放棄知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)規(guī)則,幫助貧窮國(guó)家,為人民接種疫苗。
報(bào)告稱(chēng):“為適應(yīng)21世紀(jì),各國(guó)政府必須圍繞建設(shè)更平等社會(huì)制定經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略。這意味著爭(zhēng)取經(jīng)濟(jì)更平等,以及追求性別和種族平等,而且必須有明確的、有時(shí)限和可衡量的目標(biāo)支撐?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
The world's richest 10 men have collectively seen their wealth more than double from $700 billion to $1.5 trillion during the pandemic, according to the latest inequality report from Oxfam, which notes that "if the top 10 billionaires sat on top of their combined wealth piled up in U.S. dollar bills, they would reach almost halfway to the moon."
It is by now traditional for the U.K.-based charity to issue an inequality report at the time of the World Economic Forum's Davos gathering—which began on January 17, virtually, thanks to COVID. This year's report contrasts the very richest billionaires' vast gains with the economic losses suffered by 99% of humanity.
Some billionaires have had a particularly good pandemic, even by the standards of their peers. The wealth of Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk increased by around 1,000%, to a current value of around $270 billion. Google co-founder Larry Page and Sergey Brin both enjoyed 125% boosts to their fortunes.
Overall, the world's 2,755 billionaires got richer during the nearly-two-year pandemic than they did in the last 14 (largely prosperous) years, Oxfam said.
"When Covid first hit I, and a lot of other naifs, thought that maybe, just maybe, the way our structures had been so starkly revealed as unjust and downright cruel would wake us up and give us new energy to think differently about the way resources are distributed," wrote Abigail Disney—a documentarian scion of the Disney family who has long advocated for wealth taxes—in the report's foreword. "In fact, the opposite has happened."
The study highlights the economic disadvantages of women and children in the global south, saying their collective wealth is less than that individually enjoyed by the richest 252 men. "The top 1% have captured nearly 20 times more of global wealth than the bottom 50% of humanity," the report states, adding that "if the 10 richest men lost 99.999% of their combined wealth, each of them would still be richer than 99% of the world."
It's important to note Oxfam's methodology here, because part of it has come in for criticism over the years: the comparison between the top 1% and the "bottom 50% of humanity" is based on Credit Suisse data that takes debt into account, meaning a well-heeled young individual with a pile of student debt is counted as being relatively poor. Oxfam has previously defended this way of looking at the situation, saying it makes very little difference to the point it is making about inequality.
Apart from that, the super-rich statistics come from the Forbes Billionaires List—in this case cited as at the end of last November, and compared with the same people's wealth in March 2020 while taking inflation into account—and the data about the bottom 99% being worse off comes from the World Bank.
Oxfam urged governments to address inequality in their economic strategies as they respond to the pandemic, with measures such as: one-off solidarity taxes; progressive taxes on capital and wealth; universal health care and income security; funding for addressing the climate crisis; investment in women's rights; and waiving intellectual property rules to help poor countries vaccinate their people.
"As an approach fit for the 21st century, governments must center their economic strategies around greater equality. This means far greater economic equality—alongside goals to pursue gender and racial equality—and it must be supported by explicit, timebound, and measurable milestones," the report said.