展望未來,面對后疫情時代的不確定性和氣候變化的威脅,全世界逐漸認識到人類面臨的諸多挑戰。然而,很少有人意識到電池在創建綠色未來方面的巨大潛力。
鋰離子電池體積小巧,通常被隱藏在電子設備內部,但它們是我們日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。我們每天使用的許多技術,包括智能手機、平板電腦和計算機等,都離不開鋰離子電池。類似的電池被廣泛應用于無人機、醫療器械、園藝設備等各種用途。[歐亞資源集團(Eurasian Resources Group)和First Cobalt公司(First Cobalt Corp.)供應生產鋰離子電池的原材料鈷。]
毫無疑問,鋰離子電池最重要的最終用途是電動汽車。2020年,雖然在新冠疫情期間,汽車的總銷量下滑了五分之一,但全球電動汽車的銷量年同比卻增長了43%,總計超過300萬輛。電動汽車將改變全球的碳消耗進程,因此,鋰離子電池將成為實現可持續未來的關鍵一環。
未來幾十年,我們會看到對鋰、鈷、鎳、石墨等電池核心原材料的需求激增,造成這種現象的其中一個關鍵因素是新能源汽車市場的增長。
此外,環境可持續性和新能源汽車也是各國在后疫情時代實施經濟刺激計劃的核心,歐洲和亞洲國家紛紛發布了致力于實現綠色復蘇的一攬子計劃。以負責任的方式開采的重要金屬將是此次全球經濟復蘇的基礎。然而,我們必須注意到在增加電池原材料供應方面的諸多挑戰。
首先,由于新項目有較長的前置時間并且需要投入大量資本,因此電池原材料的價格未來將持續上漲。技術進步和規模經濟從長遠來看能夠幫助降低采礦成本,但由于最容易開展的原材料項目早已投產,而在近期內新礦藏的開發成本更高。
加強供應鏈安全也是電池行業未來發展的關鍵。剛果民主共和國約占全球鈷產量的70%,作為電池原材料的鈷絕大部分產自這個國家。因此,剛果民主共和國依舊將是這些金屬的主要供應國。
然而,在電池原材料加工行業,中國的主導地位未來可能受到挑戰。中國目前在該行業的市場份額預計達到80%。
但歐洲和北美已經開始采取措施吸引電池生產商,下一步將是支持發展電池原材料加工產能。因此,西方國家政府應該會扶持國內的電池原材料項目,與中國同行公平競爭。
提高價值鏈的透明度和支持循環利用,是保證價值鏈在環境、社會和經濟等方面具有可行性的關鍵。
長遠目標應該是通過區塊鏈等解決方案,驗證企業在環境、社會和治理(ESG)方面的合規情況以及原材料的來源,從而加快負責任采購,推廣可持續發展。實現這些目標是全球電池聯盟(Global Battery Alliance)推行其核心計劃“電池護照”(Battery Passport)的關鍵。該計劃旨在對電池的可持續性和環境影響進行認證,提高透明度。(歐亞資源集團是全球電池聯盟的創始會員,該聯盟由大企業、國際組織和非政府組織組成,旨在攜手提高電池供應鏈的可持續性。)
下一個世紀,電池將變得無處不在。我們預計物聯網將日益普及,即使偏遠地區也將接入物聯網,讓所有物品都可以通過互聯網與設備之間成功交換數據。電池將是驅動傳感器的關鍵,使傳感器即便在遠離電網的地方也能夠傳輸數據。
機器人也會創造許多應用電池的機會。隨著自動化技術的日益普及,機器人開始取代人類,用高效、安全的方式從事一些通常具有危險性的特殊任務。
電池技術將繼續改變我們的生活方式,它將在供應清潔可持續電力方面發揮核心作用,并逐漸改變我們的儲能解決方案。(財富中文網)
本文作者邁克爾?因素蘭為First Cobalt公司的商務副總裁。
貝內迪克特?索博特卡是歐亞資源集團的首席執行官及全球電池聯盟的聯席主席。
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
展望未來,面對后疫情時代的不確定性和氣候變化的威脅,全世界逐漸認識到人類面臨的諸多挑戰。然而,很少有人意識到電池在創建綠色未來方面的巨大潛力。
鋰離子電池體積小巧,通常被隱藏在電子設備內部,但它們是我們日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。我們每天使用的許多技術,包括智能手機、平板電腦和計算機等,都離不開鋰離子電池。類似的電池被廣泛應用于無人機、醫療器械、園藝設備等各種用途。[歐亞資源集團(Eurasian Resources Group)和First Cobalt公司(First Cobalt Corp.)供應生產鋰離子電池的原材料鈷。]
毫無疑問,鋰離子電池最重要的最終用途是電動汽車。2020年,雖然在新冠疫情期間,汽車的總銷量下滑了五分之一,但全球電動汽車的銷量年同比卻增長了43%,總計超過300萬輛。電動汽車將改變全球的碳消耗進程,因此,鋰離子電池將成為實現可持續未來的關鍵一環。
未來幾十年,我們會看到對鋰、鈷、鎳、石墨等電池核心原材料的需求激增,造成這種現象的其中一個關鍵因素是新能源汽車市場的增長。
此外,環境可持續性和新能源汽車也是各國在后疫情時代實施經濟刺激計劃的核心,歐洲和亞洲國家紛紛發布了致力于實現綠色復蘇的一攬子計劃。以負責任的方式開采的重要金屬將是此次全球經濟復蘇的基礎。然而,我們必須注意到在增加電池原材料供應方面的諸多挑戰。
首先,由于新項目有較長的前置時間并且需要投入大量資本,因此電池原材料的價格未來將持續上漲。技術進步和規模經濟從長遠來看能夠幫助降低采礦成本,但由于最容易開展的原材料項目早已投產,而在近期內新礦藏的開發成本更高。
加強供應鏈安全也是電池行業未來發展的關鍵。剛果民主共和國約占全球鈷產量的70%,作為電池原材料的鈷絕大部分產自這個國家。因此,剛果民主共和國依舊將是這些金屬的主要供應國。
然而,在電池原材料加工行業,中國的主導地位未來可能受到挑戰。中國目前在該行業的市場份額預計達到80%。
但歐洲和北美已經開始采取措施吸引電池生產商,下一步將是支持發展電池原材料加工產能。因此,西方國家政府應該會扶持國內的電池原材料項目,與中國同行公平競爭。
提高價值鏈的透明度和支持循環利用,是保證價值鏈在環境、社會和經濟等方面具有可行性的關鍵。
長遠目標應該是通過區塊鏈等解決方案,驗證企業在環境、社會和治理(ESG)方面的合規情況以及原材料的來源,從而加快負責任采購,推廣可持續發展。實現這些目標是全球電池聯盟(Global Battery Alliance)推行其核心計劃“電池護照”(Battery Passport)的關鍵。該計劃旨在對電池的可持續性和環境影響進行認證,提高透明度。(歐亞資源集團是全球電池聯盟的創始會員,該聯盟由大企業、國際組織和非政府組織組成,旨在攜手提高電池供應鏈的可持續性。)
下一個世紀,電池將變得無處不在。我們預計物聯網將日益普及,即使偏遠地區也將接入物聯網,讓所有物品都可以通過互聯網與設備之間成功交換數據。電池將是驅動傳感器的關鍵,使傳感器即便在遠離電網的地方也能夠傳輸數據。
機器人也會創造許多應用電池的機會。隨著自動化技術的日益普及,機器人開始取代人類,用高效、安全的方式從事一些通常具有危險性的特殊任務。
電池技術將繼續改變我們的生活方式,它將在供應清潔可持續電力方面發揮核心作用,并逐漸改變我們的儲能解決方案。(財富中文網)
本文作者邁克爾?因素蘭為First Cobalt公司的商務副總裁。
貝內迪克特?索博特卡是歐亞資源集團的首席執行官及全球電池聯盟的聯席主席。
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
The world is increasingly aware of the myriad of challenges we collectively face as we look to a future characterized both by post-pandemic uncertainty and the threat of climate change. However, few realize the incredible potential that batteries have in enabling a greener future.
Lithium-ion batteries may be small and, for the most part, hidden within electrical devices, but they form a vital part of everyday life. Many of the technologies that we depend upon on a daily basis, including smartphones, tablets, and computers, would simply not function without them. Similar batteries are also being used in applications ranging from drones to medical devices to gardening equipment. (Eurasian Resources Group and First Cobalt Corp. supply cobalt to companies that use it in the production of lithium-ion batteries.)
The most important end-use of li-ion batteries is undoubtedly electric vehicles (EV). Global sales of electric cars rose by 43% year-over-year to more than 3 million in 2020, despite overall car sales slumping by a fifth during the pandemic. EVs are set to change the course of global carbon consumption, and as such, lithium-ion batteries will be a key enabler of the journey toward future sustainability.
In the coming decades, we will see demand for core battery materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite substantially increase, with the growth of the new energy vehicle (NEV) market a key factor in this trend.
Furthermore, environmental sustainability and NEVs are central to countries’ post-pandemic economic stimulus plans, as governments across Europe and Asia have introduced packages focused on green recovery. Key metals, mined responsibly, will be the bedrock of this global economic recovery. However, we must be mindful of several challenges in ramping up the supply of battery materials.
First, due to long lead times of new projects and the large amount of capital required, battery materials will likely see an increase in price over time. Technological advancements and economies of scale can help to lower mining costs in the long term, but since the most accessible raw material projects have already been commissioned, new deposits will cost more to develop in the near future.
Stronger supply chain security will also be key to the future of the battery industry. The Democratic Republic of Congo provides close to 70% of annual mined cobalt output and the vast majority of cobalt mined for battery materials. As such, the DRC is set to remain the main supplier of these metals.
However, when it comes to the battery materials processing sector, China’s dominance, which is estimated to have reached 80% of the industry this year, may well be challenged in the future.
Europe and North America have already started taking steps to attract battery cell manufacturers, and the next move will be supporting battery materials processing capacity. With this in mind, Western governments should reward domestic battery materials projects to level the playing field with China.
Strengthening value chain transparency, while supporting circularity and recycling efforts, will be crucial in ensuring an environmentally, socially, and economically viable value chain.
The aim going forward should be the acceleration of responsible sourcing and sustainability practices through solutions such as blockchain, which can be used to verify ESG compliance and the provenance of the materials. Addressing these goals is central to the Battery Passport, one of the Global Battery Alliance’s core initiatives that will provide transparency on a given battery’s sustainability and environmental impact. (ERG is a founding member of the Global Battery Alliance, which consists of major businesses, international organizations, and NGOs working together to facilitate a more sustainable battery supply chain.)
Over the next century, batteries will become ubiquitous. We can expect the Internet of things to become even more widely rolled out, including in remote locations, ensuring that all physical objects can successfully exchange data with other devices over the Internet. Batteries will be key in powering the sensors that communicate data, even beyond the reach of the electricity grid.
Robotics also presents many opportunities for the use of batteries, as automation becomes increasingly common and robots begin to replace humans for performing highly specific and often dangerous tasks in an efficient and safe manner.
Battery technology will continue to revolutionize the way we live as it takes a central role in enabling clean and renewable power, and increasingly shapes our energy storage strategies.
Michael Insulan is vice president of commercial at First Cobalt Corp.
Benedikt Sobotka is CEO of Eurasian Resources Group and co-chair of the Global Battery Alliance.