本周，就在決策者和許多超級(jí)富豪赴達(dá)沃斯參加世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇之際，樂(lè)施會(huì)在報(bào)告中指出，貧富差距達(dá)到了前所未有的程度；中國(guó)和印度的新數(shù)據(jù)還表明，世界上較貧窮的那一半人擁有的財(cái)富低于此前估計(jì)的水平。

該組織認(rèn)為貧富差距“大得驚人”。它指出，如果此前能像今年這樣拿到新數(shù)據(jù)，那就可以看到，2016年時(shí)九名富翁的身家就相當(dāng)于世界上較貧窮的那一半人口的總財(cái)富，而不是當(dāng)時(shí)估算的62位。

樂(lè)施會(huì)的最新計(jì)算結(jié)果表明，與之相比，2010年43位富豪才和那一半較貧困人口擁有同樣多的財(cái)富。

近年來(lái)，貧富差距越發(fā)受到重視，國(guó)際貨幣基金組織總裁和教皇等人都曾就貧富差距的負(fù)面效應(yīng)發(fā)出過(guò)警告，對(duì)精英的不滿則助推了平民政治的崛起。

上周，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇自行發(fā)布的全球風(fēng)險(xiǎn)報(bào)告再次凸顯了對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的顧慮。

樂(lè)施會(huì)政策負(fù)責(zé)人馬克斯·勞森表示：“我們看到許多人都感到焦慮。就今年來(lái)說(shuō)，特朗普贏得大選和英國(guó)脫歐在這方面顯然起了推波助瀾的作用。但和往常一樣，工商界沒(méi)有什么具體的替代措施。”

“資本主義的其他一些運(yùn)行方式給多數(shù)人帶來(lái)的益處可能要多得多。”

增壓式資本主義

樂(lè)施會(huì)在報(bào)告中呼吁打擊避稅行為并擺脫富人收入過(guò)高的“增壓式”股東資本主義。

雖然許多普通勞動(dòng)者都面臨收入止步不前的困境，但2009年以來(lái)，超級(jí)富翁的財(cái)富平均每年都有11%的增長(zhǎng)。

以全球首富、達(dá)沃斯常客比爾·蓋茨為例，2006年宣布離開(kāi)微軟的計(jì)劃至今，蓋茨的財(cái)富增加了50%，或者說(shuō)250億美元，他捐獻(xiàn)大部分財(cái)富的努力并未改變這種局面。

雖然蓋茨親身示范了如何將大筆財(cái)富轉(zhuǎn)而用于幫助貧困人口，但樂(lè)施會(huì)認(rèn)為，這種“大舉行善”的做法并未解決根本問(wèn)題。

勞森說(shuō)：“億萬(wàn)富翁決定把錢捐出去是件好事。但貧富差距才是重點(diǎn)，而且制度上不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)億萬(wàn)富翁的稅率全面低于其秘書(shū)或保潔的情況。”

樂(lè)施會(huì)的計(jì)算結(jié)果基于瑞士信貸和《福布斯》的數(shù)據(jù)。該組織報(bào)告中所說(shuō)的八位富翁是：比爾·蓋茨、時(shí)尚零售企業(yè)Inditex創(chuàng)始人阿曼西奧?奧爾特加、投資老手沃倫·巴菲特、墨西哥的卡洛斯·斯利姆、亞馬遜老板杰夫·貝佐斯、Facebook的馬克·扎克伯格、甲骨文的拉里?埃里森和紐約市前市長(zhǎng)邁克爾·布隆伯格。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Charlie

As decision makers and many of the super-rich gather for this week's World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos, the charity's report suggests the wealth gap is wider than ever, with new data for China and India indicating that the poorest half of the world owns less than previously estimated.

Oxfam, which described the gap as "obscene," said if the new data had been available before, it would have shown that in 2016 nine people owned the same as the 3.6 billion who make up the poorest half of humanity, rather than 62 estimated at the time.

In 2010, by comparison, it took the combined assets of the 43 richest people to equal the wealth of the poorest 50%, according to the latest calculations.

Inequality has moved up the agenda in recent years, with the head of the International Monetary Fund and the Pope among those warning of its corrosive effects, while resentment of elites has helped fuel an upsurge in populist politics.

Concern about the issue was highlighted again in the WEF's own global risks report last week.

"We see a lot of hand-wringing - and clearly Trump's victory and Brexit gives that new impetus this year - but there is a lack of concrete alternatives to business as usual," said Max Lawson, Oxfam's head of policy.

"There are different ways of running capitalism that could be much, much more beneficial to the majority of people."

SUPER-CHARGED CAPITALISM

Oxfam called in its report for a crackdown on tax dodging and a shift away from "super-charged" shareholder capitalism that pays out disproportionately to the rich.

While many workers struggle with stagnating incomes, the wealth of the super-rich has increased by an average of 11% a year since 2009.

Bill Gates, the world's richest man who is a regular at Davos, has seen his fortune rise by 50% or $25 billion since announcing plans to leave Microsoft (msft) in 2006, despite his efforts to give much of it away.

While Gates exemplifies how outsized wealth can be recycled to help the poor, Oxfam believes such "big philanthropy" does not address the fundamental problem.

"If billionaires choose to give their money away then that is a good thing. But inequality matters and you cannot have a system where billionaires are systematically paying lower rates of tax than their secretary or cleaner," Lawson said.

Oxfam bases its calculations on data from Swiss bank Credit Suisse and Forbes. The eight individuals named in the report are Gates, Inditex founder Amancio Ortega, veteran investor Warren Buffett, Mexico's Carlos Slim, Amazon boss Jeff Bezos, Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg, Oracle's Larry Ellison and former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg.