問題少年創(chuàng)業(yè)更有戲
????比爾?蓋茨青少年時期就曾是個問題少年。
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????想在一屋子的青少年中間發(fā)現(xiàn)未來的企業(yè)家？找找那些喜歡不時打破規(guī)則的男孩吧。 ????這是瑞典斯德哥爾摩大學（Stockholm University）研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)。他們最近發(fā)布的一項研究認為，男性青少年適度的反社會行為是一項未來創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的積極指標。研究人員在女性青少年中沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的相關性，他們也沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)犯罪對創(chuàng)業(yè)偏好有任何影響。 ????說得更清楚些，這種相關聯(lián)的特征是行為表現(xiàn)、而非信念。研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果反社會的態(tài)度沒有導致打破規(guī)則的行為，則態(tài)度與創(chuàng)業(yè)精神是不相關的。 ????這項研究使用了四十年代中期瑞典所有的小學生群體的數(shù)據(jù)。限制了社會經(jīng)濟地位和智商兩個相關因素的影響，盡管研究人員的確發(fā)現(xiàn)，更富裕和更聰明的學生成為企業(yè)家的可能性更高（無論男性還是女性）。
????以下內容摘自這份研究： ????哈佛大學商學院（Harvard Business School）的亞伯拉罕?澤雷尼克教授曾經(jīng)指出：“我認為如果我們想要了解企業(yè)家，我們就該看看不良少年；”人們也常說：“如果我們想了解（男性）企業(yè)家（的成長），我們就該看看青少年（適度）的違規(guī)行為。” ????這些結果并沒有因此繪制出一幅過于消極的畫面，表明企業(yè)家中存在反社會的傾向。它只是表明，在男性群體中，企業(yè)家相比之非企業(yè)家，在青少年時期表現(xiàn)出的行為可能會更加更加叛逆和桀驁不馴；在這個時期，他們可能會“傾向”反社會行為，然而并沒有成為不法分子或墮落成為臭名昭著的罪犯。 ????調查結果在很多方面的確有一定意義。從企業(yè)家的定義上來講，他們大都傾向采取以某種方式顛覆現(xiàn)狀的冒險行為。然而與此同時，他們通常被視為有益于社會的人（通過創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會等造福社會）。這些人把打破成規(guī)的傾向用到了更有建設性的地方，而不是逃課這種行為。他們也因此贏得了社會的推崇。于是，他們在青少年時期因為不守規(guī)矩受到的懲罰到了成年階段得到了補償。（財富中文網(wǎng)） ????譯者：徐佳蓉??? |
????Want to find the future entrepreneurs in a room full of teenagers? Look for the boys who like to break a rule from time to time. ????That's the finding of some Stockholm University researchers, who have published a study about how modest antisocial behavior among adolescent boys is a positive indicator of future entrepreneurship. They did not find a similar linkage in girl, nor did they find that committing crimes had any impact on entrepreneurial predilection. ????And, to be clear, the relevant characteristic was behavior rather than beliefs. When it came to antisocial attitudes that did not result in rule-breaking, the researchers found no correlation with entrepreneurship. ????The study used data on an entire Swedish grade-school cohort that was tracked into its mid-40s. It controlled for socioeconomic status and IQ, although did find that the wealthier and smarter students were more likely to become entrepreneurs (for both males and females). ????From the study: ????While Harvard Business School Professor Abraham Zaleznick once noted: "I think if we want to understand the entrepreneur, we should look at the juvenile delinquent," one might also say: "If we want to understand the (development of the male) entrepreneur, we should look at the juvenile (modest) rule-breaking behavior." ????These results thus do not draw an overly negative picture regarding antisocial tendencies among entrepreneurs. The results rather suggest that male entrepreneurs, when compared to male non-entrepreneurs, may go through a somewhat stronger rebellious and non-conformist phase in adolescence with regard to their behaviors; they may "drift" towards antisocial involvements in their adolescent years without becoming outlaws or developing into notorious criminals. ????In many ways, the findings do make a certain sort of sense. Entrepreneurs are, almost by definition, looking to take risky actions that somehow upset the status quo. At the same time, however, they are generally viewed as pro-social individuals (thanks to job creation, etc.). So perhaps those punishments for breaking rules as a teen are made up for as an adult, when you are admired for directing those antisocial tendencies into something more productive than cutting class. |
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