????那么，轉(zhuǎn)行從事其中某一項(xiàng)職業(yè)是否會(huì)讓我獲得更大的成就感？心理學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?皮滕杰認(rèn)為不可能，原因在于，“目前還沒(méi)有證據(jù)顯示MBTI測(cè)試出的性格類(lèi)型和某種職業(yè)的成功之間存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系，也沒(méi)有任何數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在從事特定職業(yè)的人群中，具備特定性格類(lèi)型的人士比其他性格類(lèi)型更有成就感。”皮滕杰建議：“把MBTI測(cè)試當(dāng)作一種職業(yè)輔導(dǎo)工具時(shí)，應(yīng)該‘慎之又慎’。”那么，MBTI測(cè)試為什么這么受歡迎呢？它的成功主要是由于“像星座那樣總結(jié)性格類(lèi)型具有很大的迷惑性，再加上持續(xù)不斷的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)”。

????每當(dāng)我向?qū)嵤㎝BTI測(cè)試的職業(yè)顧問(wèn)、教練和培訓(xùn)師一一列舉各類(lèi)批評(píng)性研究結(jié)果時(shí)，他們總是指出，這項(xiàng)測(cè)試的設(shè)計(jì)宗旨并不是讓人們與其理想職業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)接。然而，他們中的許多人對(duì)大量證據(jù)視而不見(jiàn)，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行這種測(cè)試，這樣做的典型原因在于，他們依然相信，它是一項(xiàng)性格類(lèi)型指南。但我懷疑，有時(shí)候是因?yàn)镸BTI測(cè)試為他們的建議披上了一層合法性。

????個(gè)性測(cè)試有它自身的用途，就算它們并沒(méi)有揭示出任何關(guān)于我們的科學(xué)真相。如果我們陷入一種混亂的狀況，這類(lèi)測(cè)試或許能夠給予我們巨大的情感慰藉。它們還提出了一些有助于我們自我反省的假設(shè)：在我接受MBTI測(cè)試之前，我肯定從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)IT領(lǐng)域會(huì)給我提供一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)（順便說(shuō)一下，我的性格類(lèi)型顯然不適合當(dāng)一位作家）。

????然而，MBTI測(cè)試并不是一個(gè)神奇的藥丸，它無(wú)法為我們鋪設(shè)一條通往理想職業(yè)的隱秘路徑。明智的職業(yè)咨詢師應(yīng)該審慎對(duì)待這類(lèi)測(cè)試，僅僅把它當(dāng)作眾多探索人類(lèi)奧秘的方式之一來(lái)采用。有些咨詢師甚至采取了更加理性的步驟：徹底放棄這類(lèi)測(cè)試。在他們看來(lái)，人的性格無(wú)法規(guī)整地劃入16種或任何其他具體數(shù)量的類(lèi)別之中：我們是比心理測(cè)試所能揭示的更為復(fù)雜的生物。

????如果我們不應(yīng)該依賴性格測(cè)試，我們?cè)鯓硬拍芴剿鞯揭粋€(gè)充實(shí)的職業(yè)生涯呢？我們不需要追溯至測(cè)量顱骨的時(shí)期。相反，我們應(yīng)該重新聆聽(tīng)亞里士多德早在兩千多年前就提出的一些有用建議：“你的職業(yè)，位于世界的需求和你自身才能的交匯之處。”

????本文作者羅曼?克里茲納里著有《如何找到理想工作》（皮卡多出版社出版）一書(shū)。他是“生活學(xué)校”的一名教員。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：任文科

????Would a change to one of these careers make me more fulfilled? Unlikely, according to psychologist David Pittenger, because there is "no evidence to show a positive relation between MBTI type and success within an occupation … nor is there any data to suggest that specific types are more satisfied within specific occupations than are other types." Pittenger advises "extreme caution in [the MBTI test's] application as a counselling tool." Then why is the MBTI so popular? Its success, he argues, is primarily due to "the beguiling nature of the horoscope-like summaries of personality and steady marketing."

????When I cite the avalanche of critical studies to career counsellors, coaches, and trainers who administer Myers-Briggs tests, they often point out that the test is not designed to match people to ideal careers. Yet many of them ignore the evidence and keep on handing them out, typically because they are still believers in it as a guide to personality types, but sometimes -- I suspect -- because it gives their advice a veneer of legitimacy.

????Personality tests have their uses, even if they do not reveal any scientific truth about us. If we are in a state of confusion, they can be a great emotional comfort. They also raise interesting hypotheses that aid self-reflection: Until I took the MBTI, I had certainly never considered that IT could offer me a bright future (by the way, I apparently have the wrong personality type to be a writer).

????Yet MBTI is not a magic pill that offers a secret path to a dream job. Wise career counsellors should treat such tests with caution, using them as only one of many ways of exploring who you are. Some even take the sensible step of avoiding them altogether, recognizing that human personality does not neatly fall into 16 or any other definitive number of categories: We are far more complex creatures than psychometric tests can ever reveal.

????If we shouldn't rely on personality tests, how can we find a fulfilling career? Let's not go back to skull measuring. Instead, start with some useful advice that Aristotle offered over 2,000 years ago: "Where the needs of the world and your talents cross, there lies your vocation."

????Roman Krznaric is the author of How to Find Fulfilling Work, published by Picador, and is a faculty member of The School of Life.