中國(guó)的工廠以生產(chǎn)低價(jià)產(chǎn)品聞名。說(shuō)得不好聽(tīng)點(diǎn)，就是中國(guó)企業(yè)的成名是因?yàn)橐缘土膬r(jià)格仿制了成功的外國(guó)品牌產(chǎn)品。

這正是中國(guó)智能手機(jī)制造商兼互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司小米面臨的一大挑戰(zhàn)。為中國(guó)消費(fèi)者生產(chǎn)出便宜時(shí)尚的智能手機(jī)給小米帶來(lái)了早期的成功，也使小米成為全球最有價(jià)值的私營(yíng)初創(chuàng)公司之一，估值達(dá)450億美元。但是，小米的產(chǎn)品缺乏創(chuàng)新，這妨礙了它成為全球大品牌。盡管最近小米的海外銷量達(dá)到了9%，但是分銷問(wèn)題和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)屏障使其很難擴(kuò)展海外業(yè)務(wù)。

那么，小米該向（為數(shù)不多的幾家）產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)廣銷海外的中國(guó)公司學(xué)習(xí)些什么？有5家企業(yè)值得小米借鑒，它們都入選《財(cái)富》世界500強(qiáng)，2015年的營(yíng)業(yè)收入都不低200億美元。

它們是：

In the business world, Chinese factories are famous for making inexpensive goods for foreign-owned companies. And Chinese companies are famous, in a less complimentary way, for making inexpensive near-imitations of more successful foreign brands.

That’s part of the challenge facing Xiaomi, the Chinese smartphone maker and internet company. The early success of its inexpensive, stylish smartphones with consumers in China helped it become one of the world’s most valuable private startups, with a $45 billion valuation. But as?Fortune?reports in a feature this week, Xiaomi’s lack of innovative products has held it back in its effort to become a global power. While Xiaomi currently gets about 9% of its sales overseas, distribution problems and intellectual property hurdles could make it hard to expand its global business.

So what could Xiaomi learn from the (relatively few) big Chinese companies that sell their own goods and services widely abroad? These five examples, all Fortune Global 500 members with at least $20 billion in revenue in 2015, offer a few clues. Among the lessons they impart: It helps if you’re selling something that people in foreign markets really need. And if you don’t have standout products of your own, sometimes the key to growth is to buy someone else’s.

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：667億美元

海外營(yíng)業(yè)收入占比：73%

聯(lián)想在全球市場(chǎng)的擴(kuò)張得益于收購(gòu)了兩家總部位于美國(guó)的企業(yè)。2005年，聯(lián)想購(gòu)買(mǎi)了IBM的PC操作系統(tǒng)。2014年，又從谷歌手中購(gòu)買(mǎi)了摩托羅拉手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)。聯(lián)想現(xiàn)在頂著“世界最大PC制造商”這一頭銜，盡管這么說(shuō)存在疑問(wèn)。

2015 Revenue: $66.7 billion

Revenue share from outside China: 73%

Lenovo’s global reach rests on two acquisitions of U.S.-based businesses. It bought IBM’s personal-computer operations in 2005, and in 2014 it bought the Motorola handset business from Google. Lenovo’s smartphone unit has struggled, and the company now holds the dubious honor of being the world’s largest PC maker.

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：629億美元

海外營(yíng)業(yè)收入占比：55%

華為在歐洲和拉美地區(qū)已經(jīng)是個(gè)家喻戶曉的名字了，這都得益于其智能手機(jī)、無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及對(duì)英國(guó)足球俱樂(lè)部阿森納（Arsenal）的贊助。然而，美國(guó)出于國(guó)家安全考慮，依然對(duì)這家總部位于深圳的公司在美國(guó)的市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)張活動(dòng)實(shí)行限制。

2015 Revenue: $62.9 billion

Revenue share from outside China: 55%

Huawei is practically a household name across Europe and Latin America thanks to its smartphones, wireless networks, and sponsorship of English soccer club Arsenal. The Shenzhen-based company remains effectively blocked from expanding in the U.S., _however, over national security concerns.

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：430億美元

海外營(yíng)業(yè)收入占比：25%

中國(guó)電力是一家建設(shè)水電站大壩和發(fā)電廠的國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)，從巴基斯坦到老撾都有其工程項(xiàng)目。核能和風(fēng)力發(fā)電也是中國(guó)電力的投資領(lǐng)域。它的服務(wù)已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)通過(guò)軟實(shí)力影響發(fā)展中國(guó)家的一種途徑。

2015 Revenue: $43 billion

Revenue share from outside China: 25%

This state-owned maker of hydropower dams and power plants has projects in countries from Pakistan to Laos; nuclear energy and wind-power projects are also part of its portfolio. Its services have become a way for China to extend its soft power abroad in developing countries.

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：222億美元

海外營(yíng)業(yè)收入占比：36%

美的是中國(guó)最大的家電制造商，其空調(diào)和冰箱銷往包括美國(guó)和墨西哥在內(nèi)的多個(gè)國(guó)家，被視為一家高品質(zhì)的中國(guó)白色家電品牌。美的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手之一——海爾，最近與美國(guó)通用電氣簽署了合同，收購(gòu)后者的家電業(yè)務(wù)。

2015 Revenue: $22.2 billion

Revenue share from outside China: 36%

China’s biggest manu_facturer of consumer appliances sells air con_ditioners and refrigerators in the U.S., Mexico, and elsewhere. It’s con_sidered a high-quality white-goods maker in China. One of its Chinese competitors, Haier, recently agreed to buy GE’s appliance business.

2015年?duì)I業(yè)收入：212億美元

海外營(yíng)業(yè)收入占比：71%

中國(guó)國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)雙匯集團(tuán)在2013年收購(gòu)史密斯菲德食品公司之后，更名為萬(wàn)州國(guó)際，并在香港證券交易所上市?，F(xiàn)在，它已成為世界頭號(hào)豬肉產(chǎn)品加工企業(yè)，營(yíng)業(yè)收入遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)諸如荷美爾和迪恩這樣的美國(guó)肉類產(chǎn)品加工公司巨頭。

小米首先需要提高它的創(chuàng)新能力，生產(chǎn)出海外市場(chǎng)正需要的產(chǎn)品，如果拿不出好的產(chǎn)品，收購(gòu)或許提升公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的最佳選擇。上述5家公司國(guó)際化的成功，靠的就是這兩樣。 （財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）?

譯者：劉偉義

2015 Revenue: $21.2 billion

Revenue share from outside China: 71%

After buying Smithfield Foods in 2013, mainland China’s state-owned _Shuanghui changed its name to WH Group and listed itself on the Hong Kong stock exchange. It’s now the world’s dominant pork processor, far larger by revenue than U.S. meat-packaging giants like Hormel and Dean.