中國(guó)政府提高了海外下單的相關(guān)費(fèi)用，并且開始打擊那些行李箱里滿是奢侈品的走私者，這一連串行動(dòng)的目的是鼓勵(lì)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)，同時(shí)壓縮購(gòu)物者用來避稅的灰色市場(chǎng)。

雖然中國(guó)消費(fèi)者占全球奢侈品銷量的三分之一，但真正在中國(guó)大陸售出的奢侈品只占五分之一。

其他奢侈品都購(gòu)自海外——從外國(guó)網(wǎng)站訂購(gòu)，由中國(guó)游客買下，或由代購(gòu)人員攜帶入境。這些代購(gòu)的行李箱里盡是奢侈品，回國(guó)后再當(dāng)面或經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)賣給顧客。

這讓中國(guó)政府蒙受了稅收損失，也削弱了國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)，特別是高質(zhì)量商品的消費(fèi)。長(zhǎng)期以來，中國(guó)政府一直想通過刺激消費(fèi)來擺脫依賴于出口的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模式。

HIS Global Insight經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家XuYating指出：“中國(guó)希望把出境購(gòu)物者吸引回來，同時(shí)培育國(guó)內(nèi)奢侈品消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)，這和發(fā)展消費(fèi)驅(qū)動(dòng)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的目標(biāo)一致。”

盡管香奈兒等品牌去年下調(diào)了中國(guó)市場(chǎng)售價(jià)，以縮小中國(guó)大陸和海外的價(jià)差，但在米蘭或巴黎，杜嘉班納最新款手提包等奢侈品的價(jià)格仍比中國(guó)大陸低一半左右。

一些中國(guó)人更愿意出國(guó)買奢侈品，還因?yàn)樗麄兛梢愿哟_信自己買到了真品，而且可以有比國(guó)內(nèi)更好的選擇，或者享受到更好的服務(wù)。

奢侈品公司已經(jīng)在中國(guó)投資設(shè)立精品店，但后者有時(shí)無所作為，反而可能有損于這些公司的品牌。

咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)貝恩公司提供的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年的情況更糟。該公司發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然中國(guó)消費(fèi)者在日本、歐洲和韓國(guó)的購(gòu)物支出分別增長(zhǎng)了251%、31%和33%，但2015年中國(guó)大陸的奢侈品消費(fèi)下降了2%。

ELLE中國(guó)編輯副總監(jiān)Roth Lai本周在巴黎的一個(gè)奢侈品大會(huì)上說，與之平行的市場(chǎng)，或者說以網(wǎng)購(gòu)為主的市場(chǎng)正在擠壓實(shí)體店。

他指出：“電子商務(wù)已經(jīng)真正成為中國(guó)奢侈品市場(chǎng)的主要?jiǎng)恿Α５艺J(rèn)為，在可預(yù)見的一段時(shí)間里，中國(guó)人仍會(huì)出國(guó)購(gòu)物，直到中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生重大變化。”

為打擊代購(gòu)，中國(guó)政府上周提高了報(bào)關(guān)申報(bào)不實(shí)罰金，并加強(qiáng)了海關(guān)檢查。在機(jī)場(chǎng)，海關(guān)人員開始越來越多地關(guān)注箱子里滿載奢侈品的中國(guó)游客，并對(duì)他們征稅。

中國(guó)政府還表示，將從4月8日起對(duì)通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)口以及代購(gòu)人員帶回的商品，提高進(jìn)口稅。

海外訂購(gòu)手表的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅將從30%提高到60%，珠寶首飾進(jìn)口關(guān)稅也將從10%升至15%。

法國(guó)巴黎銀行證券部門分析師盧卡?索爾卡說：“我們預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)代購(gòu)人員和游客的海外購(gòu)物都會(huì)受到影響。”

中國(guó)政府還限制了銀聯(lián)卡在海外的使用。截至今年1月，每張銀聯(lián)卡在海外柜員機(jī)上的年取現(xiàn)額度為10萬元（15471.49美元）。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Charlie

校對(duì)：詹妮

China is raising fees on packages ordered from abroad and cracking down on smugglers who carry in suitcases full of luxury goods, in a concerted effort to encourage shopping at home and squeeze a grey market that shoppers use to avoid tax.

Although Chinese shoppers account for a third of global sales of luxury goods, sales that actually take place in mainland China account for only a fifth.

The rest are purchases made abroad—either ordered from overseas websites, bought by Chinese tourists, or smuggled in by “personal shoppers” known as daigou, who fill suitcases with luxury items and sell them back home in person or online.

That costs the Chinese government tax revenue, and also discourages the domestic consumption sector, particularly for higher quality goods, that Beijing has long been trying to boost to rebalance its economy away from exports.

“China wants to attract the outbound purchases back and cultivate a domestic luxury consumption market which is also consistent with the target to develop a consumption driven economy,” Yating Xu, an economist for HIS Global Insight said.

Luxury items like the latest Dolce & Gabbana bag can be around 50% cheaper in Milan or in Paris than in mainland China, although some brands like Chanel lowered Chinese prices last year to close the gap.

Some Chinese also prefer to buy expensive items abroad because they can be more certain the goods are genuine, and can get better choice or service than at home.

Luxury firms have invested in opening boutiques in China, but they sometimes sit idle, potentially damaging their brands.

The problem has gotten worse over the past year, according to figures provided by the consultancy Bain & Co., which found that luxury consumption in mainland China fell 2% in 2015, even as purchases by Chinese buyers rose 251% in Japan, 31% in Europe and 33% in South Korea.

The parallel market, mostly conducted online, is crowding out bricks-and-mortar shops, said Roth Lai, deputy editorial director at Elle China, speaking at a conference on luxury in Paris this week.

“E-commerce has become really the main driving force in the luxury goods market in China,” he said. “But I think the Chinese will continue to buy outside of China for the foreseeable future, until there is a major shift in economic structure in China.”

To combat the daigou, the Chinese government last week increased penalties for false declarations and tightened customs controls. Officials are catching more and more Chinese travelers at the airport with suitcases full of luxury goods and slapping taxes on them.

Beijing also said that from April 8 it would increase taxes imposed on a range of goods either imported via the Internet or carried in by daigous.

Tariffs on watches ordered from abroad were increased to 60% from 30% and on jewelry to 15% from 10%.

“We expect an adverse impact on overseas purchases by Chinese daigous and tourists alike,” said Exane BNP Paribas analyst Luca Solca.

China has also tightened the use abroad ofUnionPay cards, the government-supported payment card network. As of January, there is an annual withdrawal limit at overseas cash machines of 100,000 yuan ($15,471.49) per card.