人類的惡習卻能帶來巨大的商機。

邪惡的經濟從來都是爭議的焦點。不論是關于大麻合法化的斗爭，擴展博彩業還是每日幻想體育網站，對于某些公司來說，要做的不只是滿足客戶需求，更多的是要與客戶作斗爭。

違禁產品經銷商，如槍支生產商等，一直是美國總統競選政策辯論的焦點。最近，希拉里?克林頓和伯尼?桑德斯就美國國會是否應該通過立法，要求輕型武器制造商對使用其武器實施的犯罪行為負責，展開了激烈爭論。

但關注美國控槍爭論的讀者對下面的事實或許會感到意外：相比其他行業，按照美元計算，槍支經銷商的收入不值一提。該行業的年收入僅有約160億美元，遠低于其他全世界規模最大的邪惡行業的銷售總額。下面是前五大邪惡行業。

Bad habits offer massive sales opportunities.

The vice economy never strays far from controversy.Whether it be battles over cannabis legalization, the spread of casinos, or daily fantasy sports websites, certain businesses have to contend with more than just satisfying their customers.

Dealers in taboo products, like gun manufacturers, have even been the subject of recent presidential policy debates. Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders recently sparred over whether Congress should pass a law holding small arms manufacturers liable for crimes committed with their weapons.

Those who pay close attention to the debate over gun control in America, however, might be surprised to learn that in dollar terms, gun dealers are fairly low caliber. Revenue is just around $16 billion annually, far less than the sales totals of many of the world’s largest vice industries. Here are the top five.

1、酒業

很少有商品能像酒這樣受到人們的普遍喜愛。

世界衛生組織估計，全球每年人均飲酒量約為6.2升，相當于每天13.5克純酒精。不幸的是，人們對這款商品的需求強烈，但它對健康有著嚴重的危害：世界衛生組織估算，全球每年因飲酒導致的死亡人數占到總死亡人數的6.6%，或330萬人。

但不論政府干預，還是飲酒的健康危害，都無法阻止世界各地的人們把辛辛苦苦賺來的錢花在酒吧里。據市場調查機構P&S Market Research統計，2014年，全球酒類銷售額達到1.2萬億美元，未來五年，預計將以超過3%的速度遞增。

1、Alcohol

There are few products as universally beloved as alcohol.

The World Health Organization estimates that global consumption of alcohol comes in at roughly 6.2 liters per person per year, or 13.5 grams of pure alcohol per day. Unfortunately, demand for the product is as strong as it is detrimental to health: The WHO estimates that alcohol is the cause of 6.6% of global deaths each year, or 3.3 million people.

But neither government intervention nor the health implications of alcohol consumption stop people around the globe from spending their hard-earned dollars at the bar. According to P&S Market Research, total global sales of alcohol reached roughly $1.2 trillion in 2014, and it's expected to grow faster than 3% per year for the next five years.

2、煙草行業

在過去一代，公眾對于吸煙帶來的健康危害的認識日益提高，政府也開始認真起來，通過立法控制吸煙或提高吸煙的成本，因此，煙草行業已經失去了曾經強大的力量。

然而，美國國內香煙銷量下降和煙草產量降低等趨勢，會使人們對于全球煙草行業的盈利能力產生誤解。據市場研究公司IBISWorld統計，2014年，全球煙草行業銷售額達到5280億美元，過去五年該行業的收入一直以平均每年1.6%的速度增長。

2、Tobacco

The tobacco industry has lost considerable power over the past generation, as the health risks associated with smoking have been widely acknowledged and governments have gotten serious about passing laws that either restrict the habit or make it more expensive.

But trends like falling cigarette sales and lower tobacco production here at home belie how profitable the industry remains on a global scale. According to market research firm IBISWorld, the global tobacco industry had sales of $528 billion in 2014, while revenue growth had increased on average by 1.6% per year in the five years prior.

3、軍工聯合企業

雖然針對普通市民的手槍和其他槍支制造業的規模相對較小，但出售軍事級武器和服務則要另當別論。

美國洛克希德?馬丁公司和英國航空航天系統公司等企業，每年通過為全世界最強大的軍隊裝備先進武器，獲得巨額收入。據斯德哥爾摩國際和平研究所統計，全世界前100家軍火與服務經銷商，每年的銷售額總計超過4000億美元。

3、The Military Industrial Complex

While the manufacture of handguns and other firearms for average citizens is a relatively small business, selling military-grade weaponry and services is another matter.

Companies like Lockheed Martin in the United States or BAE in the United Kingdom bring in huge revenues each year equipping the world's most powerful militaries with advanced weaponry. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, the world's top 100 military arms and services dealers post collective sales of more than $400 billion annually.

4、毒品

2015年，墨西哥最臭名昭著的大毒梟、綽號“矮子”的喬奎因?古茲曼，通過一條從監獄淋浴室通往附近住宅社區的近一英里長的隧道成功越獄，這件事再次讓全世界見識了大毒梟們所擁有的權勢和財富。

從墨西哥到有利可圖的美國市場，這一毒品供貨渠道由古茲曼一手控制。據福布斯預測，其資產凈值超過10億美元，所以，他有能力實施必要的賄賂，招攬人手，完成上面的“壯舉”，也就不難理解。

但全世界還有許多像古茲曼一樣的人，靠販毒積累了巨額財富。據聯合國估計，毒品交易的年均總收入約為3200億美元。

4、Illicit Drugs

The world was reminded of the immense power and wealth of global illicit drug barons when Mexico's most famous drug lord, Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, staged a daring escape from prison last year using a nearly mile-long tunnel that stretched from the jail's shower to a nearby residential neighborhood.

Guzman, who dominates the flow of drugs from Mexico into the lucrative American market, was estimated to have a net worth of more than $1 billion by Forbes, making it easy to understand how he can afford the necessary bribes and manpower to pull off such a feat.

But Guzman is just one of many people around the globe who have made fortunes selling drugs. The United Nations estimates that total revenue for the illicit drug trade is around $320 billion per year.

5、賭博

以前，全美僅內華達州規定賭博是合法的，但如今，隨著各州政府對財政收入無休止的追求，這一情況已經改變。從賓夕法尼亞州到華盛頓州，都開始歡迎賭場和相關的稅收，因此博彩業開始了爆炸式地增長。

而且不止在美國，其他地區的博彩業也一片繁榮。據IBISWorld統計，過去五年，博彩業一直以每年2%的速度增長，2016年，全球博彩和賭場收入將達到2,780億美元。與此同時，“全球賭場和網絡博彩業的中心，已經從美國，特別是洛杉磯和亞特蘭大城，轉移到中國澳門。”(財富中文網)

譯者: 劉進龍/汪皓

5、Gambling

Legal gambling in America was once unheard of outside Nevada, but state governments' endless search for revenue has put an end to that. As state authorities from Pennsylvania to Washington have begun to welcome casinos and the associated taxes, the gaming industry has exploded.

But it's not just in the United States where the gambling industry is thriving. According to IBISWorld, global gaming and casino revenue will top $278 billion in 2016, after growing by 2% per year over the past five years. Meanwhile, "the center of the Global Casinos and Online Gambling industry has shifted from the United States, specifically Las Vegas and Atlantic City, to China (i.e. Macau)."