????自視頻游戲業(yè)發(fā)展早期開(kāi)始，游戲機(jī)就主宰了千家萬(wàn)戶。像任天堂（Nintendo）、世嘉（Sega）、索尼（Sony）和微軟（Microsoft）等企業(yè)都依靠打造封閉的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)賺得盆滿缽滿。開(kāi)發(fā)者可以有5到10年的時(shí)間開(kāi)發(fā)游戲，直到一款更強(qiáng)大的新游戲機(jī)進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)，這個(gè)循環(huán)才會(huì)被重啟。不過(guò)，自從蘋果（Apple）、諾基亞（Nokia）、三星（Samsung）、LG、谷歌（Google）和亞馬遜（Amazon）等公司推出智能手機(jī)以來(lái)，游戲開(kāi)發(fā)者們就紛紛涌向這些強(qiáng)大的移動(dòng)平臺(tái)，同時(shí)，一個(gè)由小型獨(dú)立開(kāi)發(fā)工作室構(gòu)成的完整生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也逐漸興盛（這也要部分歸功于任天堂、索尼和微軟為新游戲機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)的數(shù)字銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)）。

????而近年來(lái)，智能手機(jī)（和平板電腦）與傳統(tǒng)游戲機(jī)的聯(lián)姻，造就了不少像Ouya、Mad Catz M.O.J.O.、Nvidia Shield和亞馬遜Fire TV這樣的小型游戲機(jī)。今年秋季，隨著谷歌攜其安卓電視（Android TV）挺進(jìn)這一領(lǐng)域，游戲開(kāi)發(fā)者們將能夠創(chuàng)造跨平臺(tái)的游戲體驗(yàn)，從而與傳統(tǒng)游戲機(jī)廠商開(kāi)始更直接地交鋒。安卓電視的工程經(jīng)理克里斯?麥基洛普在此為大家解讀這種新技術(shù)將如何徹底顛覆游戲業(yè)。

????《財(cái)富》雜志：英偉達(dá)公司（Nvidia）這類芯片企業(yè)的新技術(shù)影響了安卓智能手機(jī)和平板電腦的游戲能力。您如何看待這種影響力的速度？

????麥基洛普：簡(jiǎn)直難以置信。現(xiàn)在最新一代手機(jī)系統(tǒng)級(jí)芯片（SoC）的圖形芯片(GPU)速度已經(jīng)達(dá)到或超過(guò)PlayStation 3和 Xbox 360了。當(dāng)PS3剛推出時(shí)，安卓1.0還要近兩年后才發(fā)布。用不了多久，手機(jī)芯片的速度就能趕上當(dāng)前的第四代系統(tǒng)（PlayStation 4和Xbox One）。

????您認(rèn)為這些年來(lái)Google Play的游戲體驗(yàn)有提升嗎？

????Google Play上的手機(jī)游戲體驗(yàn)已有很大進(jìn)步。安卓就是一套純粹的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，要想讓一套生態(tài)系統(tǒng)闊步前行是需要時(shí)間的。它始于2009年的一個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)包（NDK），馬上要進(jìn)行的L輪發(fā)布，將推出專為PC級(jí)游戲打造的安卓擴(kuò)展包。我不認(rèn)為游戲開(kāi)發(fā)者為安卓系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)新游戲時(shí)會(huì)受到任何限制。隨著更多手機(jī)和平板設(shè)備開(kāi)始裝備能支持高清分辨率游戲的處理器和圖形芯片，開(kāi)發(fā)者將有更大動(dòng)力入駐Google Play。

????安卓為游戲開(kāi)發(fā)者、尤其是那些小團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)放了哪些機(jī)會(huì)？

????有很多小團(tuán)隊(duì)（有時(shí)候僅有一個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)者）都做得很棒。由于Google Play商店為開(kāi)發(fā)者發(fā)布更新及新游戲提供極快的周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間，那些小團(tuán)隊(duì)更容易獲得更大的影響力。另一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)則是免費(fèi)游戲。

????目前的游戲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)（很大程度上）分布于手機(jī)、游戲機(jī)和PC游戲中，您認(rèn)為安卓電視對(duì)這一系統(tǒng)有何影響？

????過(guò)去一年中，我有機(jī)會(huì)和來(lái)自這三個(gè)領(lǐng)域的游戲開(kāi)發(fā)者都做過(guò)深入探討。手機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)者對(duì)更多屏幕開(kāi)始運(yùn)行安卓感到非常振奮。盡管目前我們還無(wú)法確切知道游戲機(jī)玩家會(huì)如何進(jìn)入這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，但隨著安卓電視的發(fā)展，這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案必然會(huì)揭曉。我們已經(jīng)有些創(chuàng)意了，在接下來(lái)的幾年中，這些想法將成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，對(duì)此我十分憧憬。

????Since the early days of the video game industry, consoles have ruled the home. Companies like Nintendo, Sega, Sony and Microsoft MSFT -1.11% thrived by building closed ecosystems that developers could creates games over the course of five to 10 years before a new, more powerful box entered the market and the cycle began all over again. But ever since the introduction of smartphones from companies like Apple AAPL -1.31% , Nokia, Samsung, LG, Google and Amazon AMZN -1.02% , video game creators have flocked to these powerful mobile devices and an entire ecosystem of small and independent development studios have flourished (also in part thanks to the digital distribution networks on new consoles from Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft).

????In recent years, this marriage between smartphone (and tablet) and the traditional game console has resulted in micro-console devices like Ouya, Mad Catz M.O.J.O., Nvidia Shield and Amazon Fire TV. With Google’s GOOG -1.04% entry into this space this fall with Android TV, game developers will be able to create cross-platform experiences that will begin to compete more directly with the traditional console manufacturers. Chris McKillop, Android TV engineering manager, explains how this new technology could forever change the game.

????Fortune: What are your thoughts on the speed at which new technology from companies like Nvidia has impacted the gaming capabilities of Android smartphones and tablets?

????McKillop:It’s incredible. The latest generation of GPUs in Mobile SoCs are now at or exceeding those of the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. When the PS3 originally launched, Android was still nearly two years away from a 1.0. It’s not going to take long for the mobile chipsets to catch up with the current fourth-generation systems (PlayStation 4 and Xbox One).

????How have you seen mobile game experiences advance over the years on Google Play?

????Mobile game experiences have made big strides on Google Play. Android is all about the ecosystem, and moving an ecosystem forward happens over time. It started with the NDK in 2009 and now with the upcoming Android Extension Pack for PC class gaming in L release. I don’t see any limit to what game developers can bring to Android. As the broader handset and tablet space start having CPUs and GPUs that can provide great high definition gaming, there is a big incentive for developers to be on Google Play.

????What opportunities has Android opened up for game developers, especially smaller teams?

????There are a lot of small shops (sometimes just one developer) doing great work. Since Google Play Store has such a quick turnaround time for developers to publish updates and new games, it makes it easier for smaller shops to have a bigger impact. Another element is free-to-play gaming.

????How do you see Android TV impacting the current video game ecosystem, which is tiered separately (for the most part) across mobile, console and PC games?

????Over the past year, I’ve had the opportunity to discuss this with game developers across all three of these spaces. Mobile developers are excited to have more screens running Android. I don’t think we know yet exactly how the console players will come to the space but, as Android TV grows, it’s a question that will have to be answered. We have some ideas, and I’m excited about the next couple of years as they come to life.