????世界其他地方也是如此，而政府需要更多地參與緩解與氣候變化相關(guān)的各種威脅，這一點已經(jīng)越來越成為全球共識。這種全球共識在很大程度上是由過去十年以來一連串嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害所引起的，而且正在催生出一種新的極端型土木工程及建筑項目。而隨著各個國家及城市試圖在面對海平面持續(xù)上升以及惡劣天氣活動增加的情況下增強(qiáng)自身的恢復(fù)力，這些項目為全球繁榮做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備。一系列預(yù)測表明，到這個十年的末期，恢復(fù)力建設(shè)很可能形成一個價值數(shù)千億美元的產(chǎn)業(yè)。

????仿佛是為了印證這種預(yù)測，過去幾個月以來突然出現(xiàn)了一系列的設(shè)計比賽，它們都要求參賽者提交可以成為在災(zāi)害易發(fā)地區(qū)建設(shè)社區(qū)之新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的“極端天氣型建筑”解決方案。美國住房和城市發(fā)展部（the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development）6月20日推出了一項名為“通過設(shè)計重建都市”（Rebuild by Design）的廣泛計劃，旨在專門針對受桑迪災(zāi)害影響最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)，征詢快速恢復(fù)型建筑設(shè)計和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的新穎設(shè)想。由美國建筑師協(xié)會（American Institute of Architects）發(fā)起的“設(shè)計恢復(fù)力”（Designing Recovery）活動要求工程師為三個具體地區(qū)提出更具恢復(fù)力的住宅解決方案的構(gòu)想，這三個具體地區(qū)是：密蘇里州喬普林、路易斯安那州新奧爾良以及和紐約市皇后區(qū)。而3C綜合沿海社區(qū)比賽（Comprehensive Coastal Communities）提出了一個簡單但棘手的設(shè)計問題：如何在重建某地區(qū)時讓其地平面相比以前抬高幾英尺，但又不能使它變得難看？

????如何將這些類型的新解決方案與已經(jīng)通過測試的土木工程防洪減災(zāi)實踐結(jié)合起來？這個問題將成為紐約市面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，因為紐約市力圖證明，借助足夠的投資資金以及深思熟慮的規(guī)劃，城市實際上可以通過加強(qiáng)工程建設(shè)來繞開海平面上升及其他與氣候變化相關(guān)的威脅。而且，這是全球以第一個為了增強(qiáng)主要城市地區(qū)應(yīng)對氣候變化的恢復(fù)力而發(fā)起的這種規(guī)模的重大民用基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施徹底翻修計劃，世界各地的其他城市都會拭目以待，看看紐約市打算如何處理這么龐大而復(fù)雜的新體系所需要經(jīng)歷的政治磋商及實施進(jìn)程，同時還要看看這項投資是否能夠帶來回報。

????卡瓦拉羅說：“未來需要作出一些艱難的選擇。某些時候要保護(hù)某些地區(qū)，而這可能會讓其他地區(qū)懊惱失望，但我們終于要在遭受損失之前先投入一些資金，借以加強(qiáng)防災(zāi)能力。我相信，事先投入一些資金，會在暴風(fēng)雨來襲時省下許多錢。”（財富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：iDo98

????The same is true elsewhere in the world, and the growing consensus -- largely spawned by a spate of intense natural disasters over the past decade -- that governments need to get more involved in mitigating threats related to climate change is giving rise to a new kind of extreme civil engineering and architecture that is well-positioned for a global boom as cities and states attempt to bolster their own resiliency in the face of rising sea levels and increased severe weather activity. Projections indicate that resiliency construction could very well be its own industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars by the end of the decade.

????As if on cue, a number of design competitions have sprung up in the past few months asking for "extreme weather architecture" solutions that could become the new standard for communities building in disaster-prone regions. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development launched a broad initiative on June 20 titled Rebuild by Design seeking novel ideas for resilient building designs and infrastructure specifically tailored for the areas most devastated by Sandy. Designing Recovery, launched by the American Institute of Architects, asks engineers to concept more resilient residential solutions for three specific areas: Joplin, Mo., New Orleans, La., and Queens, N.Y. And 3C for (Comprehensive Coastal Communities) asks a simple yet tricky design question: How do you rebuild a neighborhood several feet higher than it was before without making it ugly?

????Integrating these kinds of new solutions with tested civil engineering flood mitigation practices will be New York City's challenge as it strives to prove that with enough investment and thoughtful planning, cities really can engineer their way around rising sea levels and other climate change-related threats. And, being the first major civic infrastructure overhaul of this magnitude aimed specifically at enhancing the resiliency of a major urban area with respect to climate change, other cities around the globe will be watching to see how New York manages the politics and implementation of such a vast and complex new system -- and whether the investment pays off.

????"There's going to be some tough choices to make," Cavallaro says. "At some point you're going to protect certain areas probably to the chagrin of other areas. But we're finally going to put some money ahead of the damage. I believe that a little bit of money up front will save a lot money when storms hit."