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親歷者詳解AMD與英特爾之戰內幕

親歷者詳解AMD與英特爾之戰內幕

Roger Parloff 2013-05-07
2004年到2009年期間,AMD在全球針對英特爾發起了一場戰爭,指控對方采用不法手段維持自己的市場壟斷地位。不過,由于當時的保密政策,這場激烈的斗爭并沒有進入公眾的視線。現在,AMD前CEO親自著書,回憶了商業史上這場最激烈的訴訟大戰。

????作為一個上市公司的CEO,當他的公司決定與極其強大的競爭對手對簿公堂的時候,當它通過舉債來進行一次重大戰略收購的時候(以56億美元收購圖形芯片制造商ATI),當公司由于一個自已的嚴重失誤(皓龍處理器的下一代產品巴塞羅納芯片存在設計缺陷)導致財政困難惡化的時候,當公司通過大規模重組才勉強躲過破產之災的時候(從阿布扎比的投資人那里拉來資金,將所有的芯片制造工廠剝離,建成一個名叫Global Foundries的獨立公司),魯毅智是怎樣想的,怎樣做的?如果讀者對這些問題好奇的話,這本書會提供一些很有趣和刺激的內容。

????不過這本書并沒有給我們很多鮮活的教訓。書中的敘事也有明顯的遺漏,有些結論也沒有說服力。比如當魯毅智在就剝離Global Foundries公司進行談判時,他需要與IBM解決某些專利問題。當年與他打交道的IBM高管是羅伯特?莫法特。當時,莫法特正與一個叫丹妮爾?奇耶斯的美女傳緋聞,而這個叫奇耶斯的大美女則把重要的內幕消息泄露給了帆船集團(Galleon)的對沖基金經理拉杰?拉賈拉特南。(莫法特和奇耶斯后來承認自己有罪。拉賈拉特南于2011年被判刑,后提起上訴)。魯毅智雖然一直沒有被追究法律責任,但在政府的一份對奇耶斯的量刑備忘錄中稱,她也從魯毅智那里獲得過內幕消息。不過魯毅智在書中對這些事只字未提。(魯毅智在一次采訪中表示:“在報道中把我的名字和那件事聯系在一起,真是一件特別不公平的事……沒有任何政府機構指控我有違法行為,我相信我的行為一向都坦坦蕩蕩,是為了AMD的最大利益,但是我被拉進一場媒體炒作里。”

????描寫魯毅智從AMD離職的那部分也不甚令人滿意。據他寫道,2008年夏天,關于剝離芯片制造廠的談判陷入了泥潭,時任AMD歐洲、中東和非洲總裁的朱利亞諾?梅羅尼對魯毅智說,阿布扎比的投資者們“擔心一旦我們做了這筆交易,你就會拋棄這些制造廠,他們就只能靠自己了。”然后梅羅尼建議:“如果你告訴他們,你會跟他們一起走,也就是加入新的芯片制造公司,這就會打消他們的顧慮。”魯毅智認為梅羅尼說的對,于是他提出將到新成立的Global Foundries公司工作,以確保這筆交易順利完成,并把AMD從一場可能的破產危機中拯救出來。

????2008年7月,AMD公司宣布已連續七個季度出現虧損,同時宣布魯毅智將不再擔任CEO,但仍將留任董事長一職。與阿布扎比投資者的交易直到2009年3月才能對外公開,因此媒體紛紛寫道,魯毅智是被AMD“逼宮”了——這些傳聞在魯毅智看來對他很不公平。他回憶道,“事實是這是一件更具有合作意味、更復雜而且是事先謀劃好的事,”他寫道,他抑制住了“公開反擊的念頭”,因為他想起了父親的建議:“如果你跟一個傻子吵架,就沒人知道你們兩人中到底誰是傻子了。”

????不過,讀者們還是想知道,為什么讓魯毅智成為Global Foundries公司的非常務董事長對阿布扎比的投資人來說那么重要。魯毅智只在那家公司待了八個月,他離開那家公司的過程也被省略掉了。(魯毅智曾在一次采訪中表示:“我在那兒的使命完成了。”)那么,魯毅智離開AMD,究竟是為了確保交易的順利進行、將AMD拯救出破產深淵的無私之舉,還是梅羅尼僅僅是用一套外交辭令說動魯毅智自行讓位,好保住魯毅智的面子?

????如果還有下一本書講述魯毅智在AMD的CEO生涯,我希望那是梅羅尼寫的。(財富中文網)

????譯者:樸成奎

????On the other hand, if the reader wants to know what it's like to be the CEO of a public corporation when it decides to go to the mattresses against a gigantic competitor; and when it simultaneously incurs debt to make a huge strategic acquisition (purchasing graphics chipmaker ATI for $5.6 billion); and when it exacerbates its resulting financial squeeze with a serious unforced error (a design flaw in Opteron's successor, the Barcelona chip); and when it narrowly averts bankruptcy by pulling off a massive restructuring (obtaining financing from Abu Dhabi investors to spin off all its chip fabrication plants into a new stand-alone company, GlobalFoundries); then this book will provide some compelling and provocative reading.

????The book does not, alas, teach many vivid lessons. The narrative flow is also tripped up by some notable omissions and unpersuasive inclusions. When Ruiz was negotiating the GlobalFoundries spinoff, for instance, he needed to address certain licensing issues with IBM. The executive he dealt with there was Robert Moffat, who, as it happened, was then having an affair with femme fatale Danielle Chiesi, who was, in turn, leaking material inside information to Galleon hedge fund manager Raj Rajaratnam. (Moffat and Chiesi later pled guilty. Rajaratnam was convictedin 2011, and has appealed.) Ruiz was never charged with wrongdoing, but the government's sentencing memorandum for Chiesi alleged that she also obtained inside information from Ruiz. Ruiz mentions none of this in the book. (In an interview he says, "The association of my name in the media with that was a terribly unfair thing to do … There was never an allegation of wrongdoing made against me by any authority, and I believe that I always acted in good faith and in the best interests of AMD. But I got dragged into a media frenzy."

????The description of Ruiz's departure from AMD is also unsatisfying. During the summer of 2008, with negotiations over the foundry spinoff stalled, Giuliano Meroni, AMD's then president for Europe, Middle East, and Africa, told Ruiz that the Abu Dhabi investors "are worried that once we do this deal, you will leave them, and they will be on their own." Meroni then suggested, as Ruiz recounts it, "If you tell them that you'll go with them -- you'll join the new foundry company -- that will end their worries." Ruiz saw that Meroni was right, offered to go to GlobalFoundries to ensure that the deal went through, and thereby saved AMD from a possible bankruptcy filing, Ruiz writes.

????In July 2008, when AMD announced its seventh consecutive quarterly loss, it also announced that Ruiz would step down as CEO, though he remained as AMD chairman. The impending Abu Dhabi deal would not become public till March 2009. Accordingly, the press wrote -- unfairly in Ruiz's view -- that AMD had "ousted" Ruiz as CEO, Ruiz recounts, when "the reality was something much more cooperative, complex, and premeditated." He suppressed "the urge to publicly fight back," he writes, remembering his father's advice: "If you argue with a fool, no one will know who the fool is."

????Still, the reader wonders why having Ruiz become GlobalFoundries's nonexecutive chairman was so pivotal to the Abu Dhabi investors' willingness to go forward. Ruiz stayed there only eight months. His departure from that company is also omitted from the book. (In an interview Ruiz says, "My work there was completed.") So had Ruiz's departure from AMD really been the selfless act that cinched the deal that saved AMD from bankruptcy? Or had Meroni just found a diplomatic way to finesse Ruiz's ouster in a way that preserved Ruiz's pride?

????The next book I'd like to read about Ruiz's tenure at AMD would be one written by Meroni.

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