攝像頭時代的是與非
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????批評監控措施的人認為，事后的攝像機輔助調查和抓捕行動并不能預防恐怖主義行為。紐約市前市長魯迪?朱利安尼曾經聲稱，倫敦的監控體系可與“好萊塢影城”相媲美，2005年7月7日倫敦發生系列爆炸案，無所不在的攝像機發揮了重要的作用，幫助警方迅速確認了自殺式襲擊者?？杀氖?，這些都是爆炸發生之后的事情。 ????“波士頓爆炸案基本上證實了我們已經知道的一個事實，”美國公民自由聯盟隱私與技術項目（Privacy & Technology Project）總監本?維茲奈爾說?！澳蔷褪?，這些攝像頭雖然是非常有效的破案手段，但是根本無法預防和震懾嚴重犯罪行為?！?/p> “少數派報告” ????監控措施的支持者指出，技術的進步足以證明，終有一天，攝像頭將發揮增強應對機制，協助預防犯罪的作用。視頻監控領域的領導者，比如洛克希德?馬丁公司（Lockheed Martin）和諾斯羅普?格魯曼公司（Northrop Grumman），正在實現從模擬到數字的產業轉移，開始研發猶如科幻小說一般的智能攝像頭。 ????監控的未來在于“視頻分析”——計算機將自動分析攝像訊息，從而能夠計算人口數量、記錄溫度變化，還能夠通過統計算法，識別可疑行為。這套體系并不需要技術人員。直到目前為止，監控效果還一直受到人為因素的限制：要想讓監控體系及時發揮作用，就必須有人密切留意所有的閉路電視鏡頭。 ????而且，相關的需求正在不斷增長。根據市場調研網站ReportsNReports的分析估計，2012年，智能監控和視頻分析設備的全球市場規模已經高達135億美元，預計到2020年將達到390億美元。 ????過去，視頻分析的功能被夸大了。然而，城市監控體系似乎將不可避免地邁入越來越精密，越來越集中的發展階段。 ????估計公眾也不會強烈反對。盡管美國人非常厭惡在國內使用無人駕駛飛行器從事監控活動，但他們似乎并不太介意攝像頭。畢竟，美軍遠赴世界的另一頭消滅外敵的時候，美軍一直沒有高調地用過攝像頭。而在美國國內使用無人駕駛飛行器則不免讓人覺得，政府正在把槍口對著自己的同胞。但攝像頭是可以使用的，因為它們平淡無奇，不那么引人注目。 ????實際上，成千上萬的攝像頭已經對準了我們。而且，它們的數量還會持續增加。（財富中文網） ????譯者：任文科 |
????According to critics of surveillance, cameras aid investigation and apprehension in the aftermath, not the prevention, of acts of terrorism. In London, which Rudy Giuliani called the "Hollywood studio" of surveillance, cameras played an instrumental role in quickly identifying the 7/7 bombers. Sadly, it was only after the fact. ????"What we saw in Boston largely confirmed what we already knew," said Ben Wizner, Director of the ACLU's Speech, Privacy & Technology Project. "Cameras are ineffective at the prevention and deterrence of serious crime. They can be very effective at solving crime." 'Minority Report,' here we come ????Advocates of surveillance point to advancements in technology as proof that cameras will, in the future, enhance response and assist prevention. Leaders of video surveillance -- companies like Lockheed Martin (LMT) and Northrop Grumman (NOC) -- are shifting the industry from analog to digital, and into the uncanny, science-fiction realm of smart cameras. ????The future of surveillance is "video analytics," where computers will automatically analyze camera feeds to count people, register temperature changes, and, via statistical algorithms, identify suspicious behavior. No technicians required. Up to this point, surveillance has been limited by personnel: for surveillance to be useful in real-time, someone has to keep an eye on all those CCTV feeds. ????And there's growing demand. A ReportsNReports analysis estimated the size of the smart surveillance and video analytics global market at $13.5 billion in 2012; it's expected to reach $39 billion by 2020. ????The promise of video analytics has been oversold in the past. And yet the move toward increasingly elaborate -- and concentrated -- urban surveillance seems inevitable. ????Don't expect much public opposition, either. While American aversion to the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) blunted efforts to employ surveillance drones domestically, Americans seem less bothered by security cameras. They haven't been used as high-profile tools to kill foreigners on the other side of the world. Domestic drone use feels like the government is pointing its weapons at us. Cameras are permissible because they're banal. ????And, in fact, they're already here. By the thousands. There will be thousands more. |
