房價正在飆升的10個地方
|
香港 ????中國內地的巨富們正在一窩蜂地擁向香港。這并非由于香港是世界商業和貿易中心，而是由于香港擁有世界最受歡迎房地產。 ????由于香港只有426平方英里，人多地少，因此需求相對較大，而供給緊張 。這就解釋了為什么去年香港的房價要比世界其他國家和地區增長得更快。這也使購買這些昂貴住房的借貸成本降到了創紀錄的新低。自從2008年12月以來，香港的基準利率一直在20年來最低的0.5%左右徘徊。 ????但為了抗擊通脹，香港政府一直在試圖給房地產市場降溫。去年11月，官方采取了最嚴厲的調控房市的舉措，對兩年之內被轉售的房地產加征了最高15%的交易附加費，并且提高了高端地產交易的首付限額。 拉脫維亞 ????想成為歐盟的居民嗎？那就在這個波羅的海小國買套房子吧。 ????在全球經濟危機期間，拉脫維亞的房價是全世界跌幅最大的，達到了令人難以置信的70%。不過現在該國的房價已經有了很大的反彈，這在一定程度上要歸功于拉脫維亞2010年7月通過的一項新法案。該法案規定，如果非歐盟公民購買了價值70000歐元（約為93000美元）以上的房地產，或者在該國投資經商，就可以獲得歐盟居留權。 ????這個法案并不意味著在拉脫維亞買了房的外國投資者可以在歐洲其他國家工作。不過這些房主卻可以自由往來歐盟的申根（Schengen）地區。申根地區包括了德國和希臘等25個歐盟成員國。 以色列 ????別去美國南塔基特島了，去以色列度假吧。 ????以色列已經成了世界最熱門的房地產市場之一。從特拉維夫海灘的高樓大廈，到耶路撒冷市中心，以色列的房地產需求在很大程度上是由從北非和歐洲來此度假的猶太人帶動起來的。和其他增長強勁的房地產市場一樣，以色列的房地產市場也是由于房產供給的短缺和利率的創紀錄新低而被炒得火熱。 ????到目前為止，以色列并未遭受像美國和歐洲部分國家那樣的房地產崩盤，這主要是由于在2008年之前，以色列未曾經歷過信貸激增。但這并不表示以色列政府不擔心房地產崩盤的可能。以色列政府一直在試圖通過提高借貸成本、對某些貸款施加更嚴格的控制等方式，引導房地產市場實現軟著陸。 中國 ????想找個地方儲存你的財富，甚至賺到不錯的利潤嗎？ ????成百上千萬的中國人正在拼命買房，美國購買者也一度出現過這樣的熱情。對于許多中國中產階層來說，擺在面前的投資渠道不多，相比之下，購買住房就成了儲存財富的一個較好的選擇。雖然2008年的金融危機讓許多國家深受打擊，但中國的房地產市場事實上幾乎未受影響。 ????不過現在可以說中國的房價已經達到了泡沫的范疇，中國政府一直對此保持高度警惕。從提高二套房的最低首付額，到今年上海和重慶開征房產稅，官方密集出手冷卻市場。雖然中國央行今年已經兩次大幅加息，并提高了購買多套住房者的抵押貸款利率，但房價何去何從仍然有待觀察——究竟是軟著陸，還是災難性的崩盤，抑或是二者之間的某種可能？ 新加坡 ????這個東南亞小國在2008至2009年間也遭受了全球經濟危機的打擊，但由于新加坡政府通過經濟刺激方案，為經濟注入大量資本，因而該國1820億美元的國民經濟得以相對較快地復蘇。 ????不僅商業和貿易重新反彈，房價也再度飆升到了令人警惕的高度。官方擔憂房價已經漲得太高了。政府一直在試圖控制投機性交易。今年早些時候，新加坡提高了第二套房按揭的首付要求，并且延長了房主為免付銷售稅所需持有房產的時間。 奧地利 ????全球金融危機期間，奧地利這一文化與金融熱點國家也沒能逃過一劫。不過到2010年，奧地利經濟相對來說反彈較快。奧地利的失業率只有4.8%，比起歐洲部分國家的就業市場要樂觀得多。 ????房地產市場是總體經濟的反映，奧地利的房地產價格也出現了反彈，這要部分歸功于機構投資人的需求。 法國 ????巴黎一直因時尚、美食和全民醫保制度而聞名于世。不過不要忘了，巴黎也有一些全世界最昂貴的房地產。 ????法國的房價已經出現了激增，這在很大程度上要歸功于超低的利率和巴黎繁榮的房地產市場。據法國不動產經紀人及銷售代理人聯合會（FNAIM）指出，盡管2010年法國各地的平均房價只上漲了1.5%，但巴黎地區的房價卻飆升了15.7%。 ????不過房價可能在未來有所軟化。上個月，法國央行行長克里斯蒂安?諾耶爾警告道，隨著歐元區的利率升高，使借貸成本變得更高，法國房價可能難免遭到調整 。 印度 ????在這個迅速增長的經濟體中，似乎永遠沒有足夠的住房能滿足印度日益增長的人口的需要。 ????印度的人均收入近年來出現了顯著增長。而且由于住房需求超過了供給，印度的住房價格，尤其是孟買的住房價格也出現了激增。印度政府擔心房地產市場出現過熱，因此今年一月，印度央行將基準利率提高到了兩年來的最高水平。 ????創紀錄的高房價和高利率可能會冷卻購房者的熱情，也可能促使開發商削低要價。但效果究竟如何，還有待觀察。 波蘭 ????如果說總體GDP反映了一個國家的總體房地產市場，那么波蘭的房價增長也就不足為奇了。 ????雖然波蘭總體上仍然窮于其他歐盟國家，不過在經濟危機期間，波蘭是歐盟中唯一一個保持了經濟正增長的國家（波蘭于2004年加入歐盟）。《經濟學人》（The Economist）雜志指出，這在某種程度是種碰巧。波蘭政府將房地產繁榮保持在可控水平，嚴格的監管也限制了各大銀行的借貸，尤其是外幣借貸。 ????2010年，隨著住房價格的激增，波蘭的經濟增長率比前年增長了一倍多，達到了3.8%。經濟增長在相當程度上與企業重建庫存有關，不過鑒于就業和工資水平的提高，更高的消費者需求也是一個驅動因素。 丹麥 ????盡管歐洲部分地區仍在為日益增長的債務問題而頭痛，但丹麥的財政狀況仍然是歐盟國家中最強勁的。 ????在全球經濟危機爆發前，丹麥就經歷了一輪房地產繁榮。隨后泡沫迅速破裂，房價在2008年和2009年間急劇下跌。 ????由于政府出臺了刺激計劃，丹麥經濟已經出現了一定的恢復。與此同時，房價也出現了反彈。不過這種情況也許不會持續太久。歐洲央行本月早些時候提高了利率，這還是近三年來的首次。更高的借貸成本可能會讓一些購房者望而卻步。 ????本文援引價格數據來自萊坊環球房地產價格指數（Knight Frank Global House Price Index）。 ????譯者：樸成奎 |
Hong Kong ????Uber-rich Mainland Chinese business owners have been flocking to Hong Kong, and it's not just because it's the world's business and trade center. It also has some of the world's most sought-after real estate. ????While demand is relatively high, supply is tight, given that this densely populated region spans only about 426 square miles. That explains why prices have risen faster than other country in the world in the past year. It also helps that borrowing costs to pay for these super-expensive homes is at record lows. Since December 2008, the base interest rate has hovered at a two-decade low of 0.5%. ????But Hong Kong's government has been trying to quiet the real estate party, as part of its ongoing effort to fight inflation. In November, officials took its toughest steps by imposing an additional transaction fee of up to 15% on properties that are resold within two years. They have also required higher down payments for high-end home purchases. Latvia ????Want to become a resident of the European Union? Just buy property in this Baltic State. ????During the global recession, Latvia saw the world's largest fall in home prices, dropping an incredible 70%. But the market has bounced back in a big way, partly driven by a fairly new law (effective July 2010) that gives EU residency rights to non-EU citizens who buy property worth at least 70,000 euros (or $93,000) or invest in a business here. ????That doesn't mean foreign investors are permitted to work in the rest of Europe. However, property owners can roam freely within Germany, Greece and 23 other countries that make up the EU's Schengen area. Israel ????Skip Nantucket. Let's vacation in Israel. ????Israel has become one of the hottest real estate markets in the world. From Tel Aviv's beachside high-rise condos to the heart of Jerusalem, much of the demand has been coming from North American and European Jews in search of vacation homes. Similar to many other robust real estate markets, Israel's housing market is fueled by a shortage of properties and record low interest rates. ????So far, Israel has dodged a housing market crash like the ones in the U.S. and parts of Europe mostly because it didn't experience the same credit booms in the years leading up to 2008. But that doesn't mean Israel's government isn't worried about it. Officials have been trying to bring the market boom to a soft landing by raising borrowing costs and putting tighter restrictions on some loans. China ????Need somewhere to store your wealth and maybe even make a healthy profit? ????Millions of Chinese have been buying up homes with the same enthusiasm once common among U.S. home buyers. With few investment options for many middle class Chinese, residential properties have become a great option to store wealth. Even while the global financial crisis in 2008 gripped many nations, China's housing market was virtually unaffected. ????But home prices have arguably reached bubble territory and China's government has been on high alert. Officials have intensified efforts to cool the market -- from raising the minimum down payment for second-home purchases to levying taxes on residences in Shanghai and Chongqing this year. Even while China's central bank hiked interest rates twice this year and raised mortgage rates for multiple home buyers, it remains to be seen where prices will go -- a soft landing, a disastrous crash or perhaps somewhere in between? Singapore ????This island country in Southeast Asia felt the pains of the 2008-2009 global recession, but its $182 billion economy bounced back relatively quickly as Singapore's government flushed the country with capital from the stimulus package. ????Not only has business and trade rebounded, but home prices have surged to the point where government officials worry that prices might be rising too much. Singapore has been trying to curb speculative buyers -- earlier this year, it raised down payment requirements for second mortgages and extended the period homeowners must hold properties to avoid a sales tax. Austria ????This cultural and financial hot spot underwent a sharp recession in 2009 during the global financial crisis. But Austria's economy bounced back relatively quickly by 2010. With unemployment at 4.8%, Austria's job market is nowhere near as grim as in some parts of Europe. ????And with the housing market as a reflection of the overall economy, home prices have rebounded, partly driven by demand from institutional investors. France ????Paris has long been known for stylish people, delicious cuisine and universal health care. And let's not forget some of the priciest real estate in the world. ????Home prices have surged in France, thanks largely to the thriving real estate market in Paris amid ultra-low interest rates. While prices across France on average rose only 1.5% in 2010, prices in the Paris area skyrocketed 15.7% according to the national residential real-estate broker's lobby FNAIM. ????But prices could soften some in the future. Last month, Bank of France Governor Christian Noyer warned prices could be in for a correction as euro area interest rates rise, making the cost of borrowing higher. India ????In this rapidly growing economy, it seems there may never be enough homes to house the expanding population. ????Incomes here have risen considerably in recent years. And home prices, especially in Mumbai, have surged as demand for residential properties outpace supply. But India's government has been worried that the market might be too hot. In January, its central bank raised the benchmark interest rate to a two-year high. ????It remains to be seen how record prices and high interest rates could discourage buyers and possibly compel developers to cut their asking price. Poland ????If overall GDP is any reflection of the overall housing market, then it may be no surprise that prices in Poland have been rising. ????During the economic downturn, it was the only country in the European Union (which it joined in 2004) that maintained positive economic growth, although the country on average was still poorer than other EU countries. As The Economist suggests, this was partly coincidental. Poland's government kept the property boom in check and banks operated under tough regulations that restrained borrowing, primarily in foreign currency. ????In 2010, as home prices surged, Poland's economic growth rate more than doubled over the previous year to 3.8%. Much of the growth had to do with companies rebuilding inventory, but it was also driven by higher consumer demand as employment and wages improved. Denmark ????Though parts of Europe are dealing with growing debt problems, Denmark's fiscal position has remained among the strongest in the European Union. ????The country experienced a housing market boom in the years leading up to the global financial crisis, but that bubble burst all too suddenly with prices dropping steeply in 2008 and 2009. ????Denmark's economy has recovered modestly, thanks partly to government stimulus. And with that, home prices have rebounded. But maybe not for long. The European Central Bank earlier this month raised interest rates for the first time in nearly three years, which could deter some homebuyers who might scoff at the thought of higher borrowing costs. ????Pricing data is from Knight Frank Global House Price Index |
